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Bautzen was first mentioned (as Budissin) in 1002 by the chronicler Thietmar von Merseburg. Before this, the granite outcrop on the river Spree was already populated by East Germans and Slavic Milzeners, who disputed the right of settlement between them.
The capital of the Federation of Lusatian cities in 1346, it was and is an important political and cultural centre of the Lusatian Sorbs, a West Slavic people also called the Wends, or Domowina. Sorb traditions and customs are kept alive by the Institute of Sorbian Studies, located in Bautzen.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Bautzen was infamous throughout East Germany for its two penitentiaries. "Bautzen I" was used as an official prison, soon to be nicknamed Gelbes Elend ("Yellow Misery") due to its outer colour, whereas the more secretive "Bautzen II" was used as a facility to
Bautzen looks back on a long history and was first mentioned in 1002 as Budusin, or Budyšin in Sorbian. Today, it is one of Germany’s best preserved medieval towns with a beautiful skyline of 14 medieval towers.
While Bautzen was a success for Bonaparte it was not a decisive result. Both armies lost some 20,000 men but Ney's failure to cut the line of retreat robbed the French of complete victory.
In the Battle of Bautzen (20–21 May 1813), a combined Prusso-Russian army, retreating after their defeat at Lützen and massively outnumbered, was pushed back by Napoleon but escaped destruction. Some sources claim that Marshal Michel Ney failed to block their retreat.
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Arc de Triomphe: BAUTZEN. May 20, 1813 - May 21, 1813. French victory. After the loss of the Battle of Lützen, the combined Russian and Prussian army of Prince Wittgenstein retreated eastward. Ordered to make a stand by Czar Alexander and the King of Prussia, Wittgenstein took up a defensive position at Bautzen and formed a line seven miles long.
