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Nov 18, 2021 · On December 28, 2015, the South Korean and Japanese governments announced an Agreement on Comfort Women, without showing the text of a formal agreement. Foreign ministers of the two countries...
- Yuji Hosaka
Dec 9, 2021 · When the comfort women statue was unveiled in Berlin’s Mitte district in September 2020, the Japanese government expressed opposition to its installation (Ryall, 2020), arguing that the statue oversimplified a complex historical and diplomatic issue.
- Background
- ‘Comfort Women’ Versus ‘Sexual Slavery’
- The Transnational Nature of Imperial Japan’s Sexual Slavery
- Comfort Women Statues
Beginning in 1932 and lasting until 1945, the Japanese government’s notorious systematized sex trafficking scheme involved women, girls and boys from throughout the Japanese empire. Scholars believe the system ensnared 200,000 victims, although estimates vary from 20,000 to nearly 500,000. However, it is not the numbers that continue to teach us. T...
First, words matter. Avoidance of the term “sexual slavery,” which has already been ascribed to this history by the United Nations and the Obama administration, amounts to allowing the Japanese government to shirk state responsibility for state sponsorship of what is defined as a war crime and crime against humanity. In the summer of 2012, then-U.S...
Second, although Japan’s historical state sponsorship of militarized sexual slavery is frequently and unproductively portrayed as an issue between South Korea and Japan, with parties in both countries bearing responsibility for this problem, the issue is much broader. The historical sexual slavery system that operated in the 1930s and 1940s occurre...
Finally, U.S. policymakers should examine why Tokyo is contesting comfort women statues in several countries. Since the December 2011 unveilingof the first statue directly across from the Japanese Embassy in Seoul — a benign likeness of a seated girl that invokes the victims’ lost childhoods — these statues have been the gathering touchstone for So...
Dec 30, 2018 · In November 2004, the Supreme Court upheld the Tokyo High Court’s rule. In December 1992, former comfort women and other plaintiffs filed suit seeking a formal apology from Japan, to be made in the Japanese Diet and before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and damages totaling ¥286 million.
The U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the case against the statue, validating its right to remain in the park. Julie Tang, chairwoman of the Comfort Women Justice Coalition, views this ruling as a victory for comfort women, as well as giving a green light for future statues to be placed all over the United States.
Sep 2, 2015 · Up to 200,000 “comfort women” were sexually enslaved by the Japanese Army before and during World War II. 70 years after the end of the war, American photographer Paula Allen recalls the survivors she met in 2005 in South Korea and the Philippines.
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May 3, 2024 · The court clarified that the expressions being contested didn’t equate comfort women to voluntary prostitutes or reject the forced mobilization of comfort women.
