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Increase the efficiency of trade with Asia
- Centuries before the doomed expedition of Erebus and Terror, the two ships that made up the Franklin Expedition, Europeans had been searching for a possible way through the masses of ice of the Arctic. Since the 15th century, ships had been exploring the region, all in an effort to increase the efficiency of trade with Asia.
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Why did it take so long to find this sought-after trade route? For over 400 years explorers risked their lives to search the Arctic for a northwest Passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
In 1772, the English fur trader Samuel Hearne travelled overland northwest from Hudson Bay to the Arctic Ocean, thereby proving that there was no strait connecting Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean.
The new Arctic sea routes. The quest began as a search for a shorter shipping route between Europe and Asia. But, with each ship and life lost during the 300 year search, explorers seeking the Northwest Passage were also on a hunt for glory.
- Where Is The Northwest Passage?
- Northwest Passage Expeditions
- Northwest Passage and Climate Change
- Sources
The Northwest Passage spans roughly 900 miles from the North Atlantic north of Canada’s Baffin Island in the east to the Beaufort Sea north of the U.S. state of Alaska in the west. It’s located entirely within the Arctic Circle, less than 1,200 miles from the North [JR1]. Traversing the frozen Northwest Passage historically has required a hazardous...
John Cabot
John Cabot, a Venetian navigator living in England, became the first European to explore the Northwest Passage in 1497. He sailed from Bristol, England, in May with a small crew of 18 men and made landfall somewhere in the Canadian Maritime islands the following month. Like Christopher Columbusfive years before him, Cabot thought he had reached the shores of Asia. King Henry VII authorized a second, larger expedition for Cabot in 1498. This expedition included five ships and 200 men. Cabot an...
Jacques Cartier
In 1534, King Francis I of France sent explorer Jacques Cartierto the New World in search of riches… and a faster route to Asia. He took two ships and 61 men with him, exploring the coast of Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence and discovering today’s Prince Edward Island, but not the Northwest Passage. Cartier’s second voyage took him up the St. Lawrence River to Quebec, which he is credited with founding. Faced with scurvy among his men and increasingly angry Iroquois, Cartier captured...
Francisco de Ulloa
The Spanish referred to The Northwest Passage as the "Straight of Anián." In 1539, Spanish explorer Francisco de Ulloa, funded by Hernán Cortés, set sail from Acapulco, Mexico, in search of a Pacific route to the Northwest Passage. He sailed North up the California Coast as far as the Gulf of California, but turned around when he was unable to find the fabled Straight of Anián. He is credited with proving that California is a peninsula, not an island–a popular misconception at the time.
The passage wasn’t a commercially viable shipping route due to the sea ice, so only a handful of ships traversed the entire Northwest Passage in the decades following Amundsen’s 1906 crossing. That’s now changed, as climate changeand warming temperatures causes Arctic sea ice to melt, creating greater access to the waters. The entire route was ice-...
Trends in shipping in the Northwest Passage and Beafort Sea; Environment Canada. The Franklin Expedition; Parks Canada. Francisco de Ulloa; The California Historical Society These maps show the epic quest for a Northwest Passage; National Geographic News.
Oct 15, 2024 · It represents centuries of effort to find a route westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Archipelago of what became Canada. Learn more about the Northwest Passage in this article.
The Franklin Expedition, led by Sir John Franklin in 1845, was a British voyage of Arctic exploration that aimed to navigate the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage. The expedition consisted of two ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, and a crew of 129 men.
Oct 20, 2016 · Once just a figment of the imagination, a navigable sea route through the Arctic is becoming reality due to climate change. By Greg Miller. October 20, 2016. • 7 min read. It had to be there:...
