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- Waves of immigrants swarmed onto the Iowa prairies to settle the state from river to river in the 19th century. The foreign-born began arriving in Iowa before the territory was organized or legally opened to American settlement. Miners from the Great Britain and Ireland gravitated to the Dubuque area to mine lead in the 1820s.
teachingiowahistory.org/iowa-stories/19th-century-immigration-iowa
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When the American Indians first arrived (in what is now Iowa) thousands of years ago they would hunt and gather living in a Pleistocene glacial landscape. By the time European explorers visited Iowa, American Indians were largely settled farmers with complex economic, social, and political systems.
Miners from the Great Britain and Ireland gravitated to the Dubuque area to mine lead in the 1820s. The numbers swelled in the 1830s with the opening of eastern Iowa following the Black Hawk War. Through the remainder of the century, western Europe provided the bulk of immigrants to Iowa.
Iowa has been the destination for immigrants since it began welcoming settlers in the 1830s. The origins of those new arrivals changed significantly over the past 175 years and can be roughly divided into three waves. In each case, they came in response to a combination of “push/pull” factors.
Starting in 1820, some federal records, including ship passenger lists, were kept for immigration purposes, and a gradual increase in immigration was recorded. More complete immigration records provide data on immigration after 1830.
In the 1840s, the Irish potato sent waves of migrants who could afford passage fleeing starvation in the countryside. The Irish made up one half of all migrants to the country during the 1840s. From 1820 to the start of the Civil War, they constituted one third of all immigrants.
Jul 30, 2024 · The Black Hawk Treaty of 1833 opened most of Iowa to white settlement. Southern Iowa immigration began as the American government negotiated treaties extinguishing the remaining Indian claims. Settlers came from other states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee.
3 days ago · After Native Americans were forced out of Iowa by Euro-Americans in the 1830s and ’40s, only the Fox and Sauk returned in the late 1850s to purchase a small reservation—the Mesquakie Settlement—near Tama in central Iowa.
