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On 21 May 1796, the government was entrusted to the Agenzia Militare composed by Alberto Mautin, Patraud, and Reboul the military authority was retained by General Hyacinthe-Fran ois-Joseph Despinoys whose first care was despoiling the Monte di piet of anything of value. This arbitrary stealing, coupled together with heavy taxations and ...
- Napoleon Series Research
The Napoleon Series > > The French Almanacs . A Brief...
- Diplomatic Documents
The Napoleon Series > Government > Governments and Politics...
- Napoleon Series Research
Joseph refused Napoleon’s offer to make him king of Lombardy if he would waive all claim of succession to the French throne. After acting for a year as chief of the French government while Napoleon was in Germany, Joseph was sent to Naples to expel the Bourbon dynasty (1806).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Upon the outbreak of war between France and Austria in 1805, Ferdinand IV of Naples had agreed to a treaty of neutrality with Napoleon but, a few days later, declared his support for Austria. He permitted a large Anglo-Russian force to land in his kingdom.
- Italian Desires – Independence by The Back Door
- The Italian Republic’s Desire Or Voto
- Return to The Negotiating Table
- Joseph, King of Italy?
- Louis, King of Italy?
- Conclusion
In the period when Napoleon was elevated to the imperial status on 18 May 1804, Italian administrators and government officials were naturally concerned as to the future state of the Italian Republic. Could it remain a republic when the head of state was an emperor? Given that the status quo could not continue, what were the conditions and conseque...
Melzi’s reply to Marescalchi was dated 21 May. He informed his minister that the Consulta would send two documents to Paris. One, a decree ordering the building of a monument to Napoleon as emperor. And a second, a statement of desire (voto in Italian, voeu in French) offering to Napoleon the quality of King of Italy or Lombardy (as he wished). Tha...
As part of his imperial progress, the emperor had meditated before the tomb of Charlemagne in Aachen, preparing for his own consecration and coronation as the new Charlemagne. He had also come to certain conclusions regarding the fate of Italy. On 11 July, Melzi had written to Napoleon asking him to lower the military tribute paid by the Italian re...
In November 1804, Napoleon was in full (private) discussions regarding the hereditary nature of the Empire and his desire to have Josephine crowned Empress. Roederer gives a remarkable account of the stinging interview which he [Roederer] had with Napoleon (dated 4 November, 1804) where the Emperor upbraided him for having placed Joseph too high in...
On Joseph’s refusal, Napoleon turned to Louis and his offspring. A document was elaborated whereby Napoleon would take the crown as protector until the majority of Louis’s son, who would reign in Milan as Napoleon II. (24) Louis was so aggressively against the plan Napoleon is said to have thrown him out of his office. (25) The negotiation had last...
We are left to conclude that Napoleon was entirely serious when he proposed Joseph, following Italian wishes (after all, Marescalchi was one of Joseph’s ‘party’), as king of Italy. This not only would have deflected Austrian ire but removed Joseph from Paris (and the imperial succession). Joseph refused not only because accepting the Italian crown ...
Napoleon set up artillery to blast the Austrian guns and defenses across the Adda River and sent cavalry to ford the Adda below Lodi. He ordered a massed infantry column to charge across the bridge, but it stalled under blistering Austrian artillery and musket fire.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Initially destined for the Law, Joseph was forced by the exile of the Bonapartes from Corsica, after the rift with Paoli, to return to Provence. In 1794 he married Marie-Julie Clary (1771-1845), the daughter of a rich Marseilles businessman.
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Why did Joseph refuse Napoleon's offer to King of Lombardy?
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Did Napoleon obviate his rights to Italy?
Why did Napoleon offer the Italian crown to Joseph?
Was Napoleon serious about the fate of Italy?
31 December, 1804: Deal between Joseph and Napoleon whereby, on reception of 200,000 francs, Joseph agreed to become king of Lombardy. Napoleon writes to Francis I of Austria informing him of this (1 January, 1805, Correspondance de Napoléon, publiée par ordre de l’Empereur Napoléon III , 8250).
