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- In 1915 the French Army carried out a series of bloody and repetitive attacks from their own trenches against those of the entrenched enemy opposite. Attempts were made by various means to break the stalemate. These were technological (the development of new weapons) and doctrinal (the development of better tactics both in attack and in defence).
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When the war began in 1914, France could only win if Britain joined with France and Russia to stop Germany. There was no binding treaty between Britain and France, and no moral commitment on the British part to go to war on France's behalf.
The French and British had committed themselves to an offensive on the Somme during the Chantilly Conference in December 1915. The fighting at Verdun impacted upon the French plans, consequently Army Group North had only 22 divisions and 555 pieces of artillery, instead of the 39 divisions and 1,700 pieces of artillery initially planned. [62]
- Winter. By the end of 1914, the Allies and the Germans had established themselves in a line of trenches running from the Channel to the French-Swiss border.
- Neuve Chapelle. The first major British offensive of the First World War took place on 10 March 1915 when they attacked the salient around the village of Neuve Chapelle, midway between Bethune and Lille.
- Gas at Ypres. On 22 April 1915, the Germans attempted to capture the Ypres Salient, a bulge in the Allied line surrounding the Belgian town of Ypres. They used poisonous gas for the first time, exploiting the latest in scientific weaponry in the hope of breaking the stalemate.
- Aubers Ridge. On 9 May 1915, the British made a two-pronged attack on the German line in support of a French offensive at Artois. The southern thrust - consisting of the Indian Corps and British I Corps - aimed towards Aubers Ridge.
To study France during the “Great War” – as it was called as early as 1914 – involves focusing on a major Western state that was confronted with a growing demand for resources to fuel the war machine and enable the country to hold out until victory and the deliverance that would come with it.
1 day ago · In 1916 a powerful German artillery attack on the French fortress positions surrounding Verdun lasted from February to June and resulted in 380,000 French casualties (162,000 dead) and 330,000 German casualties (143,000 dead). For the French, the hero of Verdun was the sector commander, General Philippe Pétain.
Mar 15, 2021 · At the outbreak of fighting in 1914, France had approximately 4 million soldiers while Germany had over 4.5 million. This was significant because most other European countries did not have nearly as many soldiers at the ready to fight.
In August 1915, 43 heavy batteries with nearly 130,000 shells and 11 batteries of light artillery left Verdun for the Champagne front. On the eve of the attack, the German forces faced an enemy whose means of defence had been weakened and whose forts had been stripped of their artillery.