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Receive pollen grains and germinate them
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- The function of sigma is to receive pollen grains and germinate them. First, the stigma captures the pollen. Next, as the pollens stick to it, the dry pollen grains get rehydrated or germinated. The stigma then transmits hormonal signals to the pollen grains directing them to elongate into the pistil, forming a pollen tube.
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- Study Species and Sampling Sites
- Arrangement of Stigmas
- Pollinators and Floral visitors
- Breeding System
- Maternal Reproductive Success
- Statistical Analyses
We analyzed S. bonariense and S. jatrophifolium, two woody perennial lianas with yellow flowers, arranged in umbels to corymbs, solitary, or secondarily arranged in dichasia (Múlgura de Romero 2005). Flowers are oblique zygomorphic, with the plane of symmetry passing through the anterior sepal and posterior petal. Calyx 5-merous, the four lateral s...
In each sampled population, flowers at pre-anthesis (n = 60 to 80 buds of 2–4 mm in length) and anthesis (n = 100 flowers, 1–3 days after anthesis) were fixed in formalin, acetic acid, and alcohol (FAA) for further morphological examination. We analyzed the architecture of the flower under stereomicroscope focusing on the arrangement of stigmas. Fl...
To distinguish between legitimate pollinators and floral visitors, oil-collecting bees were directly observed on flowers and captured. The species that contacted the reproductive structures (i.e., anthers and/or stigmas) during foraging activities were recorded as legitimate pollinators, whereas all the foraging insects that did not contact reprodu...
We conducted manipulative experiments to determine the breeding system of several individuals of different populations for each plant species during two consecutive flowering periods. The number of individuals used for these experiments was 23 for S. bonariense and 17 for S. jatrophifolium. In each of them, a known number of floral buds was randoml...
Maternal reproductive success of both species was estimated based on the fruit set and mericarp set in the open-pollination treatment in each population. These values were divided by the average of the fruit set and mericarp set (respectively) obtained in the hand cross-pollination treatment for each population to make reproductive success comparab...
Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were performed to test the different predictions using the “lme4” packages in R statistical program (R Development Core Team 2013; Bates et al. 2018). 1. (i) Relationship between stigma distances and pollinator sizes A GLMM (function lmerwith Gaussian distribution of errors) was performed using the distances ...
- Adan Alberto Avalos, Hugo Javier Marrero, María Silvia Ferrucci, Juan Pablo Torretta
- 2021
Jun 11, 2004 · Stigmas capture pollen, support hydration and germination, and offer entry points and guidance to pollen tubes en route to the ovaries. Stigmas do not only discriminate between different pollen grains; they also promote outcrossing or self-fertilization by the coordinated timing of their maturation with pollen release.
- Anna F. Edlund, Robert Swanson, Daphne Preuss
- 2004
Oct 5, 2021 · The main function of elongated cells of the stigma (called stigmatic papillae) is to trap pollen grains, thus mediating the fertilization of ovules enclosed within the fruit.
- Michela Osnato
- Plant Cell. 2021 Dec; 33(12): 3604-3605.
- 10.1093/plcell/koab244
- 2021/12
May 28, 2018 · Stigma receptivity is a key prerequisite for successful pollination and seed set in flowering plants. From a plant breeder’s perspective, extending the length of time that the stigma can support...
- Maurice Bosch, Noni V. E. Franklin-Tong
- 2018
Jan 12, 2010 · Understanding plant reproduction is of immense practical importance for biotechnology, the conservation of biodiversity and the control of invasive species. In this short essay, I hope to demonstrate why plant sexual diversity also presents many intriguing challenges and opportunities for the study of evolution and adaptation.
Aug 4, 2016 · We have recently conducted analyses of ROS localization in species with different types of stigmas and systems of self-compatibility in order to reach general conclusions regarding the physiological roles of these products in plant reproduction.
