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Jun 4, 2020 · David Lowe and Mark Derby write about Douglas Jolly, the New Zealand surgeon who served in the International Brigades. They outline why he went to Spain and his contribution to the progress of battlefield surgery as a discipline.
3 days ago · The true origin of Santa Claus begins with Saint Nicholas of Myra, who was born around 280 AD in the Roman town of Patara, in what is now modern-day Turkey. Nicholas was born to a wealthy Christian family, and his parents raised him to be devout in his faith. Tragically, his parents died during an epidemic when Nicholas was a young man, leaving ...
Dec 7, 2018 · Captain Emmanuel Wynn reportedly flew it while in the Caribbean. The name Jolly Roger has two possible origins: it could come from either 1.) la jolie rouge, a French phrase meaning “pretty red,” or 2.) Old Roger, a nickname for the devil; it could also come from some combination of the two phrases.
But what are the origins of this figure and why does he have so many names? The oldest of the three is Saint Nicholas, which relates to a 4th century bishop who lived in Turkey and was famous for his acts of kindness, especially towards children.
- The Golden Age of Piracy
- Black and Red Flags
- Skeletons, Hearts and Hourglasses
- 'They Were Business People'
- 'Very Media Savvy'
- Pirate Democracy
- The End of The 'Golden Age'
From the 1650s until the 1730s, the cutlass-wielding, rum-drinking pirates we know from film and television were indeed roaming around the Caribbean, and then further afield. The era was known as the 'golden age of piracy'. "[The Caribbean] was relatively lawless. It was far from Europe, so it took a lot of effort for the various European countries...
In the 17th century, pirate vessels would hoist flags — but not always the ones we now associate with pirates. "A red flag meant they would offer no quarter or no mercy. They're going to fight to the death. Whereas a black flag indicated that they would offer quarter, meaning that they would negotiate when needed," Dr Rebecca Simon, a historian of ...
By the 18th century, the red flag was not as popular, Simon says. Instead, pirates stuck to black flags with different insignias. "Different crews … would riff on the theme, sometimes with full skeleton bodies, sometimes skeletons engaged in activities like holding a sword or a flame," Leeson says. "There were hearts that were stabbed with little b...
So why did pirates go to all the effort of making Jolly Roger flags? Leeson explains that pirate vessels would carry all sorts of flags, including "false flags". "When they were hunting their prey, which were merchant ships, typically … [they would fly] false flags of different national governments," he says. "Pirates would get as reasonably close ...
Terrifying merchant ships into submission only works if you have a suitably ominous reputation. So when pirates did attack and plunder a ship, they would always make sure there were one or two survivors. Pirates didn't want their exploits known only on the docks and in the occasional bar. "Pirates were very media savvy … [Survivors] would also tell...
Despite being among the most famous outlaws of all time, pirates operated according to a defined set of rules. Simon says crew members had "a democratic say in terms of how things were run". "Everyone had to put in a vote to make any major decisions. Pirate crews also made councils in order to determine what sort of appropriate punishments could be...
By the 1720s, things were starting to change. "There's a few factors that end the golden age of piracy," Simon says. "Britain had started conducting what became known as a 'war on piracy' at the turn of the 18th century … [Then] Britain really ramps up its campaign." Also, as the political map of the region changed, "we started to have a lot of gov...
Sep 8, 2020 · This is where the phrase “Jolly Roger” is said to have originated, as Johnson cites not one, but two pirates who called their flag the Jolly Roger: Bartholomew Roberts in June of 1721 and Francis Spriggs in July of 1723.
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Sep 4, 2024 · Jolly Roger, flag design used by pirates and privateers to frighten the crews of other ships into submission. The Jolly Roger is most recognizable by its white skull-and-crossbones design on a black background, but the flags of individual pirates also carried other design elements for identification or to communicate specific intentions.
