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Scots-French-Indian
- Alexander McGillivray (born c. 1759—died February 17, 1793, Pensacola, Florida [U.S.]) was a Scots-French-Indian who became the principal chief of the Creek Indians in the years following the American Revolution.
www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-McGillivrayAlexander McGillivray | Creek Chief & Revolutionary Leader ...
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Alexander McGillivray was a Scots-French-Indian who became the principal chief of the Creek Indians in the years following the American Revolution. He was largely responsible for the Creeks’ retention of their tribal identity and the major part of their homeland for another generation.
- Alexander McGillivray summary
Alexander McGillivray, (born c. 1759—died Feb. 17, 1793,...
- Alexander McGillivray summary
Jun 24, 2024 · A controversial eighteenth-century Creek leader, Alexander McGillivray (c. 1750-1793) pushed to centralize Creek authority, negotiated treaties, alliances, and trade with Great Britain, Spain, and the United States, signed secret diplomatic deals that augmented his private holdings, and helped control much of the Indian trade in the Lower South.
- A Native Creek
- The Creek Confederacy
- Changing Alliances
- Shift Away from The British
- Tribal Treaties
- An Untimely End
- For More Information
Alexander McGillivray was born around 1759 at his father's Little Tallassee plantation, near present-day Montgomery, Alabama. Little Tallassee was located close to the ruins of the old French fort Toulouse outside the Creek Indian town of Otcipofa, on the Coosa River. Alexander's mother was Sehoy Marchand, a Creek Indian of the influential Wind Cla...
The Creek confederacy was a loose alliance of various Native American groups. The members of the alliance occupied a large and fertile area in the Gulf Coast region of North America. Their land covered a major portion of the present-day states of Alabama and Georgia. Most of their white neighbors were situated to the east along the Atlantic seaboar...
White traders who lived and worked among the Creek Nation for decades had close ties to Britain and placed their loyalties with the British. At the start of the American Revolution, many of these traders had their properties taken away by the American rebels. They either fled to Europe or in some cases were hanged. Lachlan McGillivray's estate in S...
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the American Revolution. Great Britainceded (gave up) all its claims to lands east of the Mississippi River to the Americans and ordered all British troops to withdraw from the United States. The treaty betrayed Britain's Native American allies, because it made no mention of Native American claims of indep...
Because of the ongoing conflicts with the Americans over land, only the Spanish could offer the Creek confederacy the protection it needed and the trade that it desired in postwar times. Americans were interested in taking more and more land, not establishing trade relations. McGillivray secured a Spanish alliance for the confederacy when he signed...
McGillivray did not live long enough to enjoy the provisions of the treaty or to see his dream of Creek national unity within a fully functioning confederacy. His health had been poor for some time as he suffered from the effects of several diseases throughout his adult life. His letters hold references to gout and rheumatism, splitting headaches, ...
Books
Caughey, John Walton. McGillivray of the Creeks.Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1938. Debo, Angie. The Road to Disappearance.Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1941. Ethridge, Robbie. Creek Country: The Creek Indians and Their World. Chapel Hill: University of North CarolinaPress, 2003.
Web Sites
"Alexander McGillivray (ca. 1750–1793)." The New Georgia Encyclopedia.http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-690(accessed on August 17, 2005). "Pensacola, 300 Years, 1698–1998." Pensacola Historical Society.http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Prairie/3226/Pensacola/index.html(accessed on August 17, 2005).
Alexander McGillivray has been described as the most gifted man ever born on the soil of Alabama by a man who was a noted soldier, prolific historian, and president of the United States. He also credits him as a chieftain whose cool.
Sep 20, 2002 · A controversial Creek Indian leader in the 1780s and 1790s, Alexander McGillivray was one of many Southeastern Indians with a Native American mother and European father. He played off European powers to protect Creek interests, initiated nationalist reforms within Creek society, and used trade to increase his own position on the southern frontier.
Alexander McGillivray, (born c. 1759—died Feb. 17, 1793, Pensacola, Fla.), Principal chief of the Creek Indians in the years following the American Revolution. Of French and Creek descent, he was tutored by whites in Charleston, S.C., before being made a Creek chief.
Nov 28, 2023 · Alexander McGillivray: The Last King of the Creeks. Alexander McGillivray's remarkable journey began in the mid-1700s. Born in the Creek village of Little Tallassee, now part of present-day Alabama, he was the son of Lachlan McGillivray, a Scottish trader, and Sehoy Marchand, a Creek-French woman.
