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539 BC: Arvad and all of Phoenicia is submerged within the Persian empire. Arvad is one of four 'kingdoms' created by the Persians in Phoenicia, and is ruled by governors (in the form of a retained native monarchy for which documentation is sadly lacking) in the name of the Persian king.
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In October 539, after the Battle of Opis, the Persian army triumphantly entered the capital city of Babylon and Babylonia was incorporated into the Persian empire as a satrapy. As recorded in the Cyrus Cylinder, Cyrus vowed to respect the Babylonian people.
The title was used by the Babylonian kings until the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BC, and was also assumed by Cyrus the Great, who conquered Babylon and ruled Babylonia until his death in 530 BC.
Roman emperors tended to rule from afar. Local leaders handled day-to-day affairs; perhaps the most famous was Herod , known for his great building achievements, his efforts to appease both the Romans and Jews, his quest for stature, and his paranoia.
- Iron Age II
- Persian Period
- Hellenistic Period
- Hasmonean Period
- Herodian Period
- Roman Period
- Byzantine Period
- First Muslim Period
- Ayyubid Period
- Ottoman Period
1000 BCE - King David Conquers Jerusalem; Declares City Capital of Jewish Kingdom960 BCE - David's Son, King Solomon, Builds First Jewish Temple721 BCE - Assyrians Conquer Samaria; Refugees Flee to Jerusalem and City Expands onto Western Hill701 BCE - Assyrian Ruler SennacheribLays Seige to Jerusalem539 BCE - Persian Ruler Cyrus the GreatConquers Babylonian Empire, Including Jerusalem516 BCE - Cyrus Permits Jews in Babylonian Exile to Return to Jerusalem; Second TempleBuilt445-425 BCE - Nehemiahthe Prophet Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem; City Confined to Eastern Hill332 BCE - Greek Leader Alexander the Great Conquers Judeaand Jerusalem332-141 BCE - Ptolemaic and SeleucidRule in Jerusalem141 BCE - HasmoneanDynasty Begins; Jerusalem Again Expands Limits to Western Hill63 BCE - Roman General Pompey captures Jerusalem37 BCE - King Herod Restructures Second Temple, Adds Retaining Walls30 CE - JesusCrucified by Romans in Jerusalem70 CE - Roman Forces Destroy Jerusalem and Demolish Second Temple135 CE - Jerusalem Rebuilt as a Roman City335 CE - Church of the Holy SepulchreBuilt614 CE - Persians Capture Jerusalem629 CE - ByzantineChristians Recapture Jerusalem from Persians638 CE - Caliph OmarEnters Jerusalem661-750 CE - Jerusalem Ruled Under UmayyadDynasty691 CE - Dome of the RockBuilt on Site of Destroyed Jewish Temples750-974 CE - Jerusalem Ruled Under AbassidDynasty1187 CE - SaladinCaptures Jerusalem from Crusaders1229-1244 CE - Crusaders Briefly Recapture Jerusalem Two Times1517 - Ottoman EmpireCaptures Jerusalem1538-1541 - Suleiman the MagnificentRebuilds the Walls of JerusalemThe island lies a short distance off the Syrian coast directly opposite Cyprus. In Gr. and later sources it is called Aradus. In ancient times it was heavily built over to spite its diminutive size of less than a mile in circumference. It ruled over much of the neighboring coast for centuries.
Jun 12, 2020 · The kings who succeeded Nebuchadnezzar II were much less capable than him and had rather short reigns. In the decade that followed Nebuchadnezzar II’s death, the Neo-Babylonian Empire had four different rulers, the last of whom was Nabonidus, who reigned from 556 BC to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC.
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