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Abanindranath Tagore
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_College_of_Art_&_Craft
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Jun 24, 2024 · The RCA was founded in 1837 as the Government School of Design, located in Somerset House in the Strand, London. Following the Great Exhibition of 1851, this small-scale operation was radically transformed to accommodate art as well as design.
Founded in response to the first industrial revolution in 1837, the Royal College of Art now stands firmly in the fourth industrial revolution, which promises breakthroughs in robotics, autonomous vehicles, nanotechnology, computing science and artificial intelligence.
The beginnings of the Arts and Crafts movement in Scotland were in the stained glass revival of the 1850s, pioneered by James Ballantine (1806–1877). His major works included the great west window of Dunfermline Abbey and the scheme for St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh.
- Beginnings of The Arts & Crafts Movement
- The Arts & Crafts Movement: Concepts, Styles, and Trends
- Later Developments - After The Arts & Crafts Movement
The Arts & Crafts movement grew out of several related strands of thought during the mid-19thcentury. It was first and foremost a response to social changes initiated by the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain and whose ill effects were first evident there. Industrialization moved large numbers of working-class laborers into cities that w...
Societies, Communities, and Exhibitions
Morris' success and his emphasis on vernacular and rural imagery inspired many others to create collective associations where groups of artists and artisans collaborated on designs in a wide variety of media. In 1882 Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo founded The Century Guild, a group aimed at preserving handcraft and the authenticity of the artist, whose work included furniture, stained glass, metalwork, decorative painting, and architectural design. The guild gained recognition through several exhib...
Architecture and the Diversity in Media
In part because the Arts & Crafts constituted a comprehensive philosophy of living as opposed to a distinct aesthetic style, its scope extended to virtually every aspect of the decorative arts, design, and architecture. There were very few Arts & Crafts designers, particularly among architects, whose work did not bridge several different media. Philip Webb, Charles Francis Annesley Voysey, William Lethaby, Charles Robert Ashbee, and Richard Norman Shaw exemplify this holistic trend - furtherm...
Relationship with Art Nouveau
One style that in particular shared many theoretical and visual qualities with the Arts & Crafts was Art Nouveau, which emerged in part from the Arts & Crafts in Europe during the late 1880s. Both the Arts & Crafts and Art Nouveau placed an emphasis on nature and claimed the Gothic style as an inspiration; both spanned the complete breadth of the various branches of the arts, with an emphasis on the decorative arts and architecture and their power to physically reshape the entire human enviro...
Alternative Names
Particularly in the United States, the Arts & Crafts Movement is known by several other names, the most prominent being the Craftsman Style, popularized by Gustav Stickley (and, by extension the furniture produced by his brothers' rival furniture firms), as advertised in his magazine The Craftsman, published between 1901 and 1916. "American Craftsman" is often colloquially used for bungalows and related Arts-and-Crafts-inspired houses. The term "Mission Style" or "Mission furniture" also rema...
Decline and Dissemination
Several factors contributed to the Arts & Crafts movement's demise in the 20thcentury. Fundamental to its decline was the inherent problem of handcraft - which is labor-intensive - to be easily produced in great quantities and cheaply enough to reach a mass audience. Morris was never able to solve this paradox, since his goal was to create a democratic art for the masses, and as time went on, he grumbled frequently that his firm catered to wealthy clients almost exclusively. The problems were...
Legacy
The notion of craft and the visibility of the artist's hand as a central tenet of creative production, as the Arts & Crafts Movement encouraged, proved inspirational for many different artists, designers, and collective movements in Europe and North America, often at the same time as the Arts & Crafts itself flourished. In Scotland, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Glasgow School are sometimes grouped in with other Arts & Crafts designers. Many proponents of Art Nouveau cited William Morris...
In May 1950 the School of Art and Crafts became Wolverhampton College of Art. Its aims were to maintain and develop the closest possible relations with industry, collaborate with employers to develop new training courses, and to maintain a high level of achievement in the fine arts. From the 1951 Wolverhampton Red Book.
In 1896 the School was renamed the Royal College of Art and soon underwent a number of further changes with the appointment of Walter Crane as principal in 1898. In 1901 the RCA organized itself into schools of painting, sculpture, design, and architecture.
The Central School of Arts and Crafts was renamed the Central School of Art and Design in May 1966 and was among the first UK colleges to be accredited across all of the DipAD’s four main areas (fine art [painting], graphic design, 3D design and fashion textiles).
