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The development of humoral theory is associated originally with Hippocrates (ca. 460–370 BCE). In the second century CE, Galen elaborated on this theory, which was further developed by Arabic writers beginning in the 9th century and by European writers beginning in the 11th.
Humoral theory was the grand unified theory of medicine, before the invention of modern medicine, for more than 2000 years. The theory was one of the fundamental tenets of the teachings of the Greek physician-philosopher Hippocrates (460–370 BC), who is regarded as the first practitioner of medicine, appropriately referred to as the "Father ...
Oct 11, 2024 · Humour, (from Latin “liquid,” or “fluid”), in early Western physiological theory, one of the four fluids of the body that were thought to determine a person’s temperament and features. In the ancient physiological theory still current in the European Middle Ages and later, the four cardinal humours.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Dec 16, 2020 · The ancients knew from observation that the human body is essentially a sack filled with various fluids, but it was Hippocrates, the so-called father of medicine, who laid the foundations for humourism around the fourth century BCE.
- Introduction
- Historical Background and Scientific Foundations
- Modern Cultural Connections
The Greek physician Galen of Pergamum (AD 129–c.216) was the first major systematizer of medical practice and theory in the ancient world. His work had its basis in the ideas of his predecessor Hippocrates of Cos (460–375 BC) as well as Platonic, Aristotelian, and Stoic philosophy. As Galen persuasively argued that medicine was both an art and a sc...
Galen was born in Pergamum, an important center of research and medicine in the ancient world. His father, Nicon, was a wealthy architect and had the means to provide his son with a fine and wide-ranging education, including exposure to the four major philosophical schools at the time: the Platonists, the Aristotelians, the Stoics, and the Epicurea...
It was not until the firm establishment of the germ theory of disease by Pasteur and Koch in the nineteenth century that the role of microscopic pathogens in causing ailments was understood and humoral medicine declined. The rise of psychology and psychiatry in the nineteenth century also gradually replaced the idea of the complexion or temperament...
While most often associated with Galen, the doctrine of humors received some development by Galen’s teacher and predecessor Hippocrates. This theory held that four humors or bodily fluids held the secret to health. These humors were, blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
The Theory of the Four Humours was an important development in medical knowledge which originated in the works of Aristotle. Hippocrates is credited with developing the theory. It then became a mainstay of medical belief for two thousand years.
