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Apr 14, 2023 · The enigmatically named “Photograph 51” (Fig.1) is an X-ray diffraction image of DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin, together with her PhD student Raymond Gosling, at King’s College London in May 1952. In fact, the camera was set up to take the photograph on Friday 2 May and it was developed on Tuesday 6 May: as Franklin reported in her lab ...
- Brian Sutton
Education. B.A., Natural Sciences (Chemistry), Oxford, 1976...
- Brian Sutton
Jul 9, 2015 · A pioneer in X-ray diffraction photography, Raymond Gosling captured some of the world's arguably most crucial images. They revealed the structure of DNA, enabling James Watson and Francis Crick ...
- When and Where Was Photo 51 taken?
- What Is X-Ray Crystallography?
- How Would It Have Been Done in The 1950s?
- What Are We Actually Looking at When We Look at Photo 51?
- What About The Cross Shape of Spots?
- If Franklin Had All This Information, Why Didn’T She Suggest The Structure?
- What Happened After The Structure Was published?
The photo was taken in May 1952 by Rosalind Franklin and her PhD student Raymond Gosling in the basement underneath the chemistry laboratories at the MRC Biophysics Unit. Franklin, a biophysicist, had been recruited to the unit to work on the structure of DNA. The unit was then part of the King’s College campus on the Strand in London. It was run b...
It’s a long-established method of determining the structure of molecules by bombarding them with X-rays. The molecules are in a crystal or otherwise ordered form, so when the X-rays bounce off the electrons in the molecule’s atoms, they scatter in a particular unique pattern. You can use that pattern to infer the structure. These days we take thous...
The technique in principle wouldn’t actually have differed too much, although it would have been a much more painstaking and time-consuming process. Franklin and Gosling used a very pure form of DNA and they became expert in pulling it into strands for analysis. Within each strand would have been a vast number of DNA helices lined up next to each o...
Photo 51 is an image of the more hydrated ‘B’ form of DNA. Franklin and Gosling had been experimenting with whether the humidity at which they kept the samples would affect the images. They had taken a series of images, and Photo 51 was taken at the highest humidity, around 92%. The darker patches indicate where the film has been repeatedly bombard...
For people like Watson and Crick, who were already building models, this cross really spells out helix. Maurice Wilkins, who had worked on DNA separately from Franklin, showed this photo to Jim Watson when he came to visit and it really excited him. A lot has been said and written about that moment and some people think that Wilkins shouldn’t have ...
Well, it’s difficult to say but one reason is probably that Rosalind had chosen to focus her attention on her X-ray photos of a less hydrated ‘A’ form of DNA. This form appeared to show much more information and she hoped to calculate the structure directly, rather than build models. In fact, these photos of the ‘A’ form had revealed a key piece of...
Franklin was already working at Birkbeck College by the time Franklin and Gosling’s paper, showing Photo 51, was published in Nature, alongside that of Watson and Crick’s model. Of course, Watson and Crick’s model was just that, only a model, so it needed to be verified. Wilkins built the first accurate model of DNA in the summer of 1953 and checke...
Email. X-rays were discovered, almost by accident, by a somewhat eccentric professor named Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen in 1895. Rontgen never graduated from high school but attended the University of Utrecht in 1865. Here he discovered that it was possible to enter the Zurich Polytechnical School, in Switzerland, without the qualifications he lacked.
On 8 November 1895 at the University of Würzburg, Germany, the physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers a new, unknown type of rays, which he names X-rays. Original Experimental Equipment (1896) by W. C. Roentgen German Röntgen Museum. Like most physicists of his day, Röntgen was studying electric discharges in glass vacuum tubes...
Jan 21, 2014 · Hugh Turvey is a British artist and photographer who uses x-ray technology to create what he calls xograms, a fusion of visible light and x-ray imagery. I first worked with him for an assignment ...
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What did Raymond Gosling discover in X-ray diffraction photography?
Did Rosalind Franklin take an X-ray diffraction image of DNA?
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When did X-rays become popular?
Jul 19, 2024 · Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923), a German scientist, discovered X-rays or Röntgen rays in November 1895. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics for this discovery in 1901. The thrill of the discovery became caught up in the late Victorian obsession with ghosts and photography. X-rays could 'photograph' the invisible, penetrating ...
