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- Elam, ancient country in southwestern Iran approximately equivalent to the modern region of Khūzestān.
www.britannica.com/place/Elam
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Coordinates: 29°54′N 52°24′E. Elam (/ ˈiːləm /) [a] was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq.
Aug 27, 2020 · Elam, located in the region of the modern-day provinces of Ilam and Khuzestan in Iran, was one of the most impressive civilizations of the ancient world.
- Joshua J. Mark
- Proto-Elamite Period
- Old Elamite Period
- Middle Elamite Period
- Neo-Elamite Period
- Conclusion
Little is known of the so-called Proto-Elamite Period because its history is given in the as-yet undeciphered linear script. The proto-Elamite script was developed sometime around 3200 BCE and remained in continuous use until c. 2700 BCE when contact with Sumerintroduced cuneiform script. The details of this era, therefore, are vague. Scholar F. Va...
Elamite culture was already well established by the time of the beginning of the Old Elamite Period but was fully developed by the dynastic houses which ruled from Awan, Anshan, and Susa, respectively, at different times during this era. Although Awan and Anshan were once considered two different cities, modern-day scholars believe Awan was simply ...
The Middle Elamite Period is also defined by three major dynasties and also by a process scholars refer to as the “elamization” of the region (especially the northern area of Susiana) which refers to the elevation and spread of Elamite language, culture, and religion from south to north. The fact that rulers of this era felt the need to engage in t...
Little is known of the first part of this era other than the continuation of power-grabs by various members of the royal family. The impressive Elamite artisans continued to produce their works which, since the time of the Old Period, were influenced by Sumerian techniques but often displayed much greater skill. The written record of Elam picks up ...
Elam was absorbed into the new empire as one of its provinces but was highly regarded by the Persians. The third Achaemenid king, DariusI, completely rebuilt Susa and made it one of his capitals and administrative districts. According to scholar F. Vallat: Elamite gods and religious observances were kept by the Persians, and their language, given i...
- Joshua J. Mark
Elam consisted of a plain occupying a depression in the mountains of Iran or Persia. Of this the smaller part-which, however, was also the most ancient historically-lay between the Pusht-e-Kuh on the West, the Lur mountains on the North, the Bakhtiari heights to the East and Southeast, and the hills of Ahwaz to the South.
Although geographically similar to southern Mesopotamia and not at all distant, Elam was located on an alluvial plan below the Zagros mountains rather than in the sandy dustbowl of Sumer which mainly clung to life along the two main rivers.
Nov 5, 2022 · While Sumerian culture thrived in southern Mesopotamia, the Elam civilization took root to the east of the Mesopotamian valley, in what is now southwest Iran and southern Iraq. The Elam society grew, distinct from the Semitic Akkadians and the indigenous Sumerians, from around 2700 BC through 500 BC.
