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1. • • The phenomena of induced and suppressed traffic have thus been observed to occur in situations where a change in road capacity causes a significant change in the generalised cost or attractiveness of motor car travel.
     www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835042000288806

     Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in congested ...

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   When do induced and suppressed traffic occur?

   • The phenomena of induced and suppressed traffic have thus been observed to occur in situations where a change in road capacity causes a significant change in the generalised cost or attractiveness of motor car travel.

   Full article: Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in

   www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835042000288806

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   Does increased road capacity cause 'induced' and'suppressed' traffic?

   • This article reviews explanations of, and international empirical evidence for, ‘induced’ traffic as a result of increased road capacity and ‘suppressed’ traffic as a result of decreased road capacity.

   Full article: Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in

   www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835042000288806

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   What is the difference between induced traffic and suppressed demand?

   • Induced traffic occurs when the generalised cost of travel decreases\, while suppressed demand is argued to occur if background traffic growth increases congestion levels and thereforecrowds out some trips from the network\. Induced traffic and suppressed demand are opposite effects.

   Latest evidence on induced travel demand: an evidence review - GOV.UK

   assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762976/latest-evidence-on-induced-travel-demand-an-evidence-review.pdf

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   Are induced and suppressed traffic real phenomena?

   • Despite problems with the available data and their measurement, it is concluded that – with the caveats of either pre‐existing congestion in the case of capacity increases or no spare capacity in the case of capacity decreases – the weight of evidence indicates that induced and suppressed traffic are indeed real phenomena.

   Full article: Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in

   www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835042000288806

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   What is the induced traffic effect?

   • The theory holds that when any good (i.e. travel) is reduced in price, demand for that good increases. Hence, increased road capacity leads to generalised costs going down, and so demand for motor car travel increases and traffic is induced. illustrates the induced traffic effect in terms of this theory.

   Full article: Road capacity change and its impact on traffic in

   www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835042000288806

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   Does induced road traffic affect capacity change?

   • The elasticity ratio of induced road traffic to capacity change has been relatively stable over the 55 years long analysis period. Capacity reduction has a similarly strong effect on travel demand (suppressed traffic) as capacity extension.

   Long-term evidence on induced traffic: A case study on the relationship

   www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642200026X

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3. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk › governmentLatest evidence on induced travel demand: an evidence review

   assets.publishing.service.gov.uk › government

   Induced demand continues to occur and may be significant in some situations. The evidence reviewed in this study supports the findings of the SACTRA (1994) report that induced traffic does exist,...

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4. www.tandfonline.com › doi › fullRoad capacity change and its impact on traffic in congested ...

   www.tandfonline.com › doi › full

   Oct 1, 2010 · This article reviews explanations of, and international empirical evidence for, ‘induced’ traffic as a result of increased road capacity and ‘suppressed’ traffic as a result of decreased road capacity.

5. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleLong-term evidence on induced traffic: A case study on the ...

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Mar 1, 2022 · Capacity reduction of roads can lead to decreasing traffic and higher public transport usage. Although further data is needed to understand this change better, still, it can serve as an example that capacity reduction can lead to negative induced traffic, i.e. suppressed traffic.

6. www.researchgate.net › publication › 308899853_The(PDF) The traffic impacts of road capacity change: A review ...

   www.researchgate.net › publication › 308899853_The

   Jul 1, 2000 · The phenomena of induced and suppressed traffic have thus been observed to occur in situations where a change in road capacity causes a significant change in the generalised cost or...

7. www.its.uci.edu › ~mmcnally › MGM-InducedDemand-28What Is the Difference between Induced Demand and Induced ...

   www.its.uci.edu › ~mmcnally › MGM-InducedDemand-28

   ‘induced demand’ these dimensions describe observed traffic and should be called traffic, induced or otherwise. These include destination, mode, time -of-day, and path.

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9. cityobservatory.org › the-fundamental-global-lawThe Fundamental, Global Law of Road Congestion - City Observatory

   cityobservatory.org › the-fundamental-global-law

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   Mar 1, 2021 · The fundamental law of road congestion requires us to fix broken traffic models and stop widening highways in a futile effort to reduce congestion. Call it what you will: Jevons Paradox, Braess Paradox, Marchetti’s Constant or Downs’ Triple Convergence, the science confirms them all.

10. www.gov.uk › government › publicationsInduced travel demand: analytical research - GOV.UK

    www.gov.uk › government › publications

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    Oct 26, 2021 · Research exploring options for improving the measurement of induced travel demand. This study scopes the evidence-based approaches that could be undertaken to deepen our understanding of...