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Over the decades of gang research in America and Europe, sociologists and anthropologists have come to agree on cultural elements in theories of gang formation: American and European youth gangs are derivative of cultural clashes, which engender racism and fundamental antagonistic changes in cultural systems’ economic production and social ...
- Mark S. Fleisher
- 2018
The popular image of the gangster was formed during the Prohibition Era (1920–33), as the U.S. underworld battled over markets controlling the illegal manufacture and distribution of liquor. Gang murder became commonplace, especially in New York and Chicago, where more than 2,000 killings between 1920 and 1930 were ascribed to gang warfare.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
In the mid-20th century, gangs emerged in urban areas, particularly in cities like London, Manchester, and Birmingham. Initially, these gangs served as a form of protection and community cohesion for marginalised groups in impoverished neighbourhoods.
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 September 2024. Gang-related organised crime in the United Kingdom is concentrated around the cities of London, Manchester and Liverpool and regionally across the West Midlands region, south coast and northern England, according to the Serious Organised Crime Agency. [ 1 ]
- The Challenge
- Research Action
- Outputs and Outcomes
Youth gangs and street violence are sadly nothing new. The urbanisation that accompanied the Industrial Revolution responsible for bringing greater numbers of people to live in towns and cities is thought to have given rise to the modern street gang. Rather than treat this as a relatively new phenomenon, there are a lot of valuable lessons to be le...
Dr Andrew Davieshas been researching the hidden history of Manchester's gangs for many years. After receiving funding form the Economic and Social Research Council, Andy carried out extensive research exploring the nature and extent of gang formation and conflict in Manchester between 1870 and 1900, when conflicts between rival gangs caused persist...
Andrew's research had four key findings: 1. In the late 19thcentury, as today, gangs were clustered in districts characterised by high levels of poverty, unemployment and ill health 2. Contrary to recent media and political debate, gangs are not a by-product of the growth of black communities in British cities; nor can they be attributed to the inf...
Sep 23, 2024 · Gangs largely faded from the American landscape during the Great Depression and World War II only to reemerge in the late 1950s. In the 1980s and ’90s, some U.S. law-enforcement officials contended that gangs posed a greater threat to public safety than ever before.
Street gangs first emerged on a broad scale in U.S. cities in the late 19th century in step with industrialization, urbanization, and mass waves of European immigration. Up until the 1960s, the vast majority of gang members in the United States were second- and third-generation European immigrants.
