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  1. Keep Our History Alive. Join the Movement to Save and Preserve America's Battlefields. Battlefields are part of our national heritage.

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  2. The series of conflicts in the western United States between Indians, American settlers, and the United States Army are generally known as the Indian Wars. Many of these conflicts occurred during and after the Civil War until the closing of the frontier in about 1890.

    • 17th Century
    • 18th Century
    • American Revolution Era
    • Battle of Tippencanoe, War of 1812
    • Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of Little Bighorn
    • Sources

    Jamestown Massacre: March 22, 1622 As part of the decades-long Powhatan Wars, Powhatan Chief Opechancanough led an attack that left nearly 350 of some 1,200 colonists dead. The English retaliated, attacking Native American villages, raiding and destroying crops and forcing them from their land. Pequot War: 1636-37 With the British competing to cont...

    Queen Anne's War: 1702-1713 Known as the War of Spanish Succession in Europe, the conflict also took hold in North America, with English colonists fighting the French, both sides with Indian allies, for territory in New England, the colony of South Carolina and Spanish Florida. One particularly bloody massacre was the Raid of Deerfieldon February 2...

    Chickamauga Cherokee Wars: 1776-1794 In a struggle to keep their territory, the Cherokee, led by Chief Dragging Canoe, fought against American settlers throughout the Revolutionary War, across Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia. Post-1786, the Cherokee joined the Chief Tecumseh-organized Western Confederacy against Anglo settl...

    Battle of Tippecanoe: November 7, 1811 With Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison at the helm, U.S. forces fought the Shawnee Indians who attacked an American camp along the Tippecanoe River in central Indiana. The Shawnee, led by Laulewasikau (called “The Prophet”), the brother of Tecumseh, were defeated, although casualties were nearly equal. Harrison...

    Sand Creek Massacre: November 29, 1864 In the midst of the Civil War and a long-waging battle for control of eastern Colorado's Great Plains, a unit of some 675 volunteer U.S. soldiers laid siegeagainst a Cheyenne and Arapaho village of approximately 750 along Sand Creek. As the American Indians attempted to escape, the soldiers charged after them,...

    Indian Wars Campaigns, U.S. Army Center of Military History Battlefields of the Pequot War, American BattleField Protection Project Beaver Wars, Ohio History Connection America’s Most Devastating Conflict: King Philip’s War, Connecticuthistory.org 1680—the Pueblo Revolt, Library of Congress French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War, 1754–63, U.S. Offi...

    • Missy Sullivan
    • 3 min
  3. American frontier militiamen under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks and opened the Southwest, while militia under Governor William Henry Harrison defeated the Native-British alliance at the Battle of the Thames in Canada in 1813.

  4. Mar 9, 2010 · Between 1622 and the late 19th century, a series of wars and skirmishes known as the Indian Wars took place between American Indians and European settlers, mainly over land control.

    • Missy Sullivan
    • 3 min
  5. Aug 23, 2024 · The sudden surge of thousands of wagon trains through the last of the Indian country and the consequent slaughtering of prairie and mountain game that provided subsistence for the Indians brought on the most serious Indian wars the country had experienced.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Aug 23, 2024 · American frontier, in United States history, the advancing border that marked those lands that had been settled by Europeans. It is characterized by the westward movement of European settlers from their original settlements on the Atlantic coast (17th century) to the Far West (19th century). The term frontier has been defined in various ways.

  7. Despite the rewards, the expansion resulted in great destruction, suffering, and cultural loss to Native American peoples. Warfare between whites and Native Americans began as early as 1809 and ended in 1890, when the Indians were ultimately defeated and forced to live on reservations.

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