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Aug 26, 2024 · Ernest Rutherford, British physicist who discovered that the atom is mostly empty space surrounding a massive nucleus and who did many pioneering experiments with radioactivity. He was also known for predicting the existence of the neutron and calculating Avogadro’s number.
- Lawrence Badash
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS, HonFRSE [7] (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics.
In 1907, Rutherford returned to England to become professor of physics at Manchester University. In 1908, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1914, he was knighted, but the war ...
- Discovery of alpha and beta radiation. Starting in 1898 Rutherford studied the radiation emitted by uranium. He discovered two different types of radiation, which he named alpha and beta.
- The age of planet Earth and radiometric dating. Rutherford realized that Earth’s helium supply is largely produced by the decay of radioactive elements.
- Discovery of the atomic nucleus. After his move to the University of Manchester, Rutherford and two of his researchers – Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden – carried out in 1909 one of the landmark experiments in science – the gold foil experiment.
- Discovery of nuclear reactions. Rutherford achieved the first deliberate transformation of one element into another. In 1919 he converted nitrogen atoms into oxygen atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.
Apr 2, 2014 · In 1895, as the first research student at the University of Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory in London, Rutherford identified a simpler and more commercially viable means of detecting radio...
Rutherford returned to England in 1907 to become Langworthy Professor of Physics in the University of Manchester, succeeding Sir Arthur Schuster, and in 1919 he accepted an invitation to succeed Sir Joseph Thomson as Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge.
Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) postulated the nuclear structure of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays, and proposed the laws of radioactive decay. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
