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Innocent IV himself, following the papal army which was seeking to destroy Frederick's son Manfred, died in Naples on 7 December 1254. While in Perugia, on 15 May 1252, Innocent IV issued the papal bull Ad extirpanda , composed of thirty-eight 'laws'.
Frederick II died on Dec. 13, 1250. The Pope left Lyon and triumphantly returned to Rome in 1253. Meanwhile, he had to continue the struggle against Frederick II’s son Conrad IV and also to find a king to whom he could entrust the Kingdom of Sicily as a fief.
After Frederick died a broken man in December of 1250 A.D., Pope Innocent IV staged a triumphant reentry to Rome three years later. This was not the end of the ongoing epic struggle against the Germanic kingdom for Innocent’s papacy as Frederick II had a son in Conrad IV who opposed the pope.
When Gregory died in August 1241, the College of Cardinals elected a new pope immediately, but the ailing pope, Celestine IV, died after a pontificate of only 15 days. The political situation was perilous.
When Celestine IV died after a short reign of sixteen days, the excommunicated emperor, Frederick II, was in possession of the States of the Church around Rome and attempted to intimidate the cardinals into electing a pope to his own liking.
Quick Reference. (d. 1254), Pope from 1243. He was the most outstanding canon lawyer ever to become Pope, and he wrote a major commentary on the decretals, known as the ‘Apparatus’.
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When Gregory died in August, 1241, the College of Cardinals elected a new pope immediately, but the ailing pope, Celestine IV, died after a pontificate of only 15 days. The political situation was perilous.
