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Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
- Overview
- Gravitation
- Planetary motion
- Second law
- Third Law
- Orbits
This article is about Kepler's laws of planetary motion which describe the motions of planets in the solar system that were derived by German astronomer Johannes Kepler with later contributions from Sir Isaac Newton for his law of gravitation. It also mentions how these laws apply not only to gravitational but also other inverse-square-law forces.
The article is about the laws of gravitation.
Kepler’s three laws describe the motions of planets in the solar system, including elliptical orbits and angular momentum.
A radius vector joining any planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal lengths of time.
The squares of sidereal periods are directly proportional to cubes of mean distances from Sun.
Laws apply not only to gravitational but also to all other inverse-square-law forces and electromagnetic forces within atom if allowance made for relativistic and quantum effects.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The existence of the gravitational constant was explored by various researchers from the mid-17th century, helping Isaac Newton formulate his law of universal gravitation. Newton's classical mechanics were superseded in the early 20th century, when Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity.
Sep 25, 2024 · By his dynamical and gravitational theories, he explained Kepler’s laws and established the modern quantitative science of gravitation. Newton assumed the existence of an attractive force between all massive bodies, one that does not require bodily contact and that acts at a distance.
Aug 26, 2024 · In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation. In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus.
Mar 10, 2015 · Years of research culminated with the 1687 publication of “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity. Newton’s second major book, “Opticks,” detailed...
In 1687 English physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) published a law of universal gravitation in his important and influential work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy).
