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1882
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- Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Newcastle_upon_Tyne
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The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman Conquest of England.
The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius("Hadrian's bridge"), a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne. It was given the family name of the Roman EmperorHadrian, who founded it in the 2nd century AD.
- Roman Settlement
- Norman Stronghold
- Strength and Magnificence
- Border Fortress
- The Beginnings of Greatness
- The Second City of The Land
- Cradle of The Industrial Revolution
- From Avison to Bewick
- Where Railways Were Born
- The Golden Age of Coal, Iron and Steam
The line of Hadrian’s Wall ran from Wallsend through what is now the centre of modern Newcastle. The eastern end of the Roman Empire’s Northern frontier was protected by three forts - Arbeia at South Shields, Segedunum at Wallsend and Pons Aelius on the high ground above the River Tyne in what was to become Newcastle. This is the earliest known cro...
The advent of Norman control in the 11th century saw the establishment of Newcastle’s contemporary urban landscape. The continuity of the city’s history is illustrated by the building of the royal castle - founded in 1080 by Robert Curthose, son of William the Conqueror - on the same advantageous sandstone bluff high above the River Tyne as that us...
The shape of Newcastle, the North East’s principal settlement, was established in the medieval period – not only were its defences, boundaries and churches built but its medieval street pattern, quayside and markets were established. The replacement of the original timber castle in stone, the construction of the Cathedral Church of St. Nicholas and...
Newcastle had an enormous strategic importance as a base and fortress in every period of conflict between Scots and English from Norman and early Plantagenet times to the second Jacobite rebellion. Its role guarding the border to the North was augmented by the great medieval castles of the Northumbrian coast.
The strategic importance of Newcastle was matched by its growing importance as the centre of what was to become known as the Great Northern Coalfield. The accessible coal measures had been exploited by the Romans but was established as a medieval industry in 1239 by charter of Henry III and so began the area’s 750 year long association with coal – ...
By the time of the Civil War Newcastle is established as not only a regional capital but as the second city in the land. ‘The river is plentifully supplied with salmon, the Quay at Newcastle, the fairest in the land and the Nags Head the finest-built inn ’ wrote a contemporary chronicler. Newcastle is the most wealthy coal port in the country – rev...
The stirrings of the industrial revolution begin on Tyneside with the use of coal to fire the manufacture of glass. Tyneside also continues to lead the country in the vital manufacture of salt. The increasing importance of coal for domestic and early industrial use was the catalyst for the development of waggonways - the precursor of railways. The ...
Daniel Defoe writing in the 1720s was impressed with Newcastle as a ‘ spacious, extended, infinitely populous place. .. a noble, large and deep river with a strong and stately stone bridge, the longest and largest quay that it is to be seen in England.’ Its role as border stronghold was made redundant by the failure of the Jacobite Rebellions and a...
The steam locomotive and with it the modern railway was originally developed not to provide public transport but to serve the coal industry. The work of George and Robert Stephenson in the 1820s and 1830s developing the locomotive, most famously the Rocket, in their Newcastle works - the first purpose built locomotive works in the World - was argua...
By 1860 the Tyne was Britain’s second most important river. It was the focal point of the Golden Age of Coal, Iron and Steam – coal mining, railway engineering and shipbuilding forming an inter-connected relationship which lay at the base of Britain’s prosperity, its industrial power and its global strength.
May 17, 2024 · By the 14th century, “New Castle upon Tyne” was commonly referred to in documents, but everyday usage began to simplify it to “Newcastle.” This shorter name was more practical for communication and better suited the town’s growing identity and prominence.
Oct 9, 2024 · The wool trade was especially important, and in 1353 Newcastle became a staple (wool-manufacturing) town. By the late Middle Ages it had a thriving cloth industry. In 1400 King Henry IV created Newcastle upon Tyne as a county corporate (a town with the administrative status of a county).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The growth of the town was aided by royal favours and charters: in 1216 the burgesses gained right to have a mayor and in 1400 the town became a county of itself, with its own sheriff. Much...
Jun 1, 2022 · History. Newcastle upon Tyne. 140 years after Newcastle was granted city status - 10 iconic locations that help define it. On June 3, 1882, the expanding metropolis of Newcastle parted from...
