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Middle Ages
- Montluçon was built in the Middle Ages. The first mention of a place called Monte Lucii is from the eleventh century. Guillaume, son of Archambaud IV of Bourbon, built a castle on a small rocky hill on the Cher river.
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Montluçon and other Bourbon lands reverted to the French crown in 1529, and Henry IV further improved the defenses. Montluçon became the administrative seat of the area in 1791, then entered the industrial era thanks to the presence of coalpits 12 km (7 mi) distant in Commentry, the Canal de Berry in 1830 and the railway in 1864. These ...
The town expanded rapidly after the construction of the Berry Canal in 1830 and the opening of coal mines in the region and again after 1920. Coal is no longer mined. The winding streets of the old town have a number of 15th- to 16th-century wooden houses. The town’s two old churches are both partly Romanesque.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
From here you become aware of the importance of the castle and its protective role for Montluçon. Orientation tables show you the points not to be missed. The medieval city, huddled around the castle, was protected by powerful ramparts.
Montlucon is a sizable town situated to the west of the Allier department, in the Auvergne region of south-central France. In the town centre you can see many buildings and monuments dating from its periods of prosperity in both the medieval era and the 19th century, and the town is classified as a French "town of art and history".
The town, which formed part of the duchy of Bourbon, was taken by the English in 1171, and by Philip II of France in 1181; finally, in the 14th century, the English had to leave the town. In the 14th century, Louis II de Bourbon re-built the castle and walls of the town.
France This Way comment: Periods of prosperity in the 12th, 15th and 19th centuries have each contributed monuments and buildings to the centre of Montlucon. Montlucon is situated in the Allier department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
The Hundred Years War deeply marked Montluçon and the castle that partially defended the city was destroyed by the English occupier. The project of Louis II of Bourbon had a mainly defensive objective. It was accompanied by two rows of ramparts, one around the castle, the other, encircling the city, in place of the current Boulevard de Courtais.
