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- A T-junction is a point where two roads intersect to form a ‘T’ shape. One of these roads is typically a main road, while the other is considered a minor road. Identifying which type of road you are on is crucial for determining the right of way.
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First up is the T junction. Named for the very fact that they are shaped like a letter T, these are junctions where the road you are on reaches an end and you are required to turn either left or right.
Always approach a junction with caution and be prepared to stop if necessary. In the United Kingdom, there are two primary principles for determining who has right of way: Drivers on major roads receive priority over those on minor roads. Priority is given to vehicles travelling straight ahead or turning left.
- Other road users to be aware of at junctions are included in Highway Code Rule 170. It particularly says, in addition to pedestrians: Cyclists Moto...
- Most intersections just ask you to give way rather than stop fully. However, you must travel slowly enough to be able to stop if vehicles approach....
- Never presume that a driver will perform what their indicators indicate. If the car is far enough away that you may safely join its road, do so. Al...
Jan 22, 2024 · Who has priority at a junction? When do you have to give way? We unpack the right of way rules and show you how to use them at different junctions.
- General rules (rules 159 to 161)
- Overtaking (rules 162 to 169)
- Road junctions (rules 170 to 183)
- Roundabouts (rules 184 to 190)
- Pedestrian crossings (rules 191 to 199)
- Reversing (200 to 203)
Rule 159
Before moving off you should use all mirrors to check the road is clear look round to check the blind spots (the areas you are unable to see in the mirrors) signal if necessary before moving out look round for a final check. Move off only when it is safe to do so. Rule 159: Check the blind spot before moving off
Rule 160
Once moving you should keep to the left, unless road signs or markings indicate otherwise. The exceptions are when you want to overtake, turn right or pass parked vehicles or pedestrians in the road keep well to the left on right-hand bends. This will improve your view of the road and help avoid the risk of colliding with traffic approaching from the opposite direction drive or ride with both hands on the wheel or handlebars where possible. This will help you to remain in full control of the vehicle at all times. You may use driver assistance systems while you are driving. Make sure you use any system according to the manufacturer’s instructions. be aware of other road users, especially cycles and motorcycles who may be filtering through the traffic. These are more difficult to see than larger vehicles and their riders are particularly vulnerable. Give them plenty of room, especially if you are driving a long vehicle or towing a trailer. You should give way to cyclists when you are changing direction or lane – do not cut across them. select a lower gear before you reach a long downhill slope. This will help to control your speed when towing, remember the extra length will affect overtaking and manoeuvring. The extra weight will also affect the braking and acceleration.
Rule 161
Mirrors. All mirrors should be used effectively throughout your journey. You should use your mirrors frequently so that you always know what is behind and to each side of you use them in good time before you signal or change direction or speed be aware that mirrors do not cover all areas and there will be blind spots. You will need to look round and check. Remember: Mirrors – Signal – Manoeuvre
Rule 162
Before overtaking you should make sure the road is sufficiently clear ahead road users are not beginning to overtake you there is a suitable gap in front of the road user you plan to overtake.
Rule 163
Overtake only when it is safe and legal to do so. You should not get too close to the vehicle you intend to overtake use your mirrors, signal when it is safe to do so, take a quick sideways glance if necessary into the blind spot area and then start to move out not assume that you can simply follow a vehicle ahead which is overtaking; there may only be enough room for one vehicle move quickly past the vehicle you are overtaking, once you have started to overtake. Allow plenty of room. Move back to the left as soon as you can but do not cut in take extra care at night and in poor visibility when it is harder to judge speed and distance give way to oncoming vehicles before passing parked vehicles or other obstructions on your side of the road only overtake on the left if the vehicle in front is signalling to turn right, and there is room to do so stay in your lane if traffic is moving slowly in queues. If the queue on your right is moving more slowly than you are, you may pass on the left. Cyclists may pass slower moving or stationary traffic on their right or left and should proceed with caution as the driver may not be able to see you. Be careful about doing so, particularly on the approach to junctions, and especially when deciding whether it is safe to pass lorries or other large vehicles. give motorcyclists, cyclists and horse riders and horse drawn vehicles at least as much room as you would when overtaking a car (see Rules 211 to 215). As a guide: leave at least 1.5 metres when overtaking cyclists at speeds of up to 30mph, and give them more space when overtaking at higher speeds pass horse riders and horse-drawn vehicles at speeds under 10 mph and allow at least 2 metres of space allow at least 2 metres of space and keep to a low speed when passing a pedestrian who is walking in the road (for example, where there is no pavement) take extra care and give more space when overtaking motorcyclists, cyclists, horse riders, horse drawn vehicles and pedestrians in bad weather (including high winds) and at night you should wait behind the motorcyclist, cyclist, horse rider, horse drawn vehicle or pedestrian and not overtake if it is unsafe or not possible to meet these clearances. Remember: Mirrors – Signal – Manoeuvre Rule 163: Give vulnerable road users at least as much space as you would a car
Rule 164
Large vehicles. Overtaking these is more difficult. You should drop back. This will increase your ability to see ahead and should allow the driver of the large vehicle to see you in their mirrors. Getting too close to large vehicles, including agricultural vehicles such as a tractor with a trailer or other fixed equipment, will obscure your view of the road ahead and there may be another slow-moving vehicle in front make sure that you have enough room to complete your overtaking manoeuvre before committing yourself. It takes longer to pass a large vehicle. If in doubt do not overtake not assume you can follow a vehicle ahead which is overtaking a long vehicle. If a problem develops, they may abort overtaking and pull back in Rule 164: Do not cut in too quickly
Rule 170
Take extra care at junctions. You should watch out for cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians including powered wheelchairs/mobility scooter users as they are not always easy to see. Be aware that they may not have seen or heard you if you are approaching from behind give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from which you are turning. If they have started to cross they have priority, so give way (see Rule H2) remain behind cyclists, horse riders, horse drawn vehicles and motorcyclists at junctions even if they are waiting to turn and are positioned close to the kerb watch out for long vehicles which may be turning at a junction ahead; they may have to use the whole width of the road to make the turn (see Rule 221) watch out for horse riders who may take a different line on the road from that which you would expect not assume, when waiting at a junction, that a vehicle coming from the right and signalling left will actually turn. Wait and make sure look all around before emerging. Do not cross or join a road until there is a gap large enough for you to do so safely. Rule 170: Give way to pedestrians who have started to cross
Rule 171
You MUST stop behind the line at a junction with a ‘Stop’ sign and a solid white line across the road. Wait for a safe gap in the traffic before you move off. Laws RTA 1988 sect 36 & TSRGD schedule 9 parts 7 and 8
Rule 172
The approach to a junction may have a ‘Give Way’ sign or a triangle marked on the road. You MUST give way to traffic on the main road when emerging from a junction with broken white lines across the road. Laws RTA 1988 sect 36 & TSRGD schedule 9 parts 7 and 8
Rule 184
On approaching a roundabout take notice and act on all the information available to you, including traffic signs, traffic lights and lane markings which direct you into the correct lane. You should use Mirrors – Signal – Manoeuvre at all stages decide as early as possible which exit you need to take give an appropriate signal (see Rule 186, below). Time your signals so as not to confuse other road users get into the correct lane adjust your speed and position to fit in with traffic conditions be aware of the speed and position of all the road users around you.
Rule 185
When reaching the roundabout you should give priority to traffic approaching from your right, unless directed otherwise by signs, road markings or traffic lights check whether road markings allow you to enter the roundabout without giving way. If so, proceed, but still look to the right before joining watch out for all other road users already on the roundabout; be aware they may not be signalling correctly or at all look forward before moving off to make sure traffic in front has moved off. Rule 185: Follow the correct procedure at roundabouts
Rule 186
Signals and position. When taking the first exit to the left, unless signs or markings indicate otherwise signal left and approach in the left-hand lane keep to the left on the roundabout and continue signalling left to leave. When taking an exit to the right or going full circle, unless signs or markings indicate otherwise signal right and approach in the right-hand lane keep to the right on the roundabout until you need to change lanes to exit the roundabout signal left after you have passed the exit before the one you want. When taking any intermediate exit, unless signs or markings indicate otherwise select the appropriate lane on approach to the roundabout you should not normally need to signal on approach stay in this lane until you need to alter course to exit the roundabout signal left after you have passed the exit before the one you want. When there are more than three lanes at the entrance to a roundabout, use the most appropriate lane on approach and through it. You should give priority to cyclists on the roundabout. They will be travelling more slowly than motorised traffic. Give them plenty of room and do not attempt to overtake them within their lane. Allow them to move across your path as they travel around the roundabout. Cyclists, horse riders and horse drawn vehicles may stay in the left-hand lane when they intend to continue across or around the roundabout and should signal right to show you they are not leaving the roundabout. Drivers should take extra care when entering a roundabout to ensure that they do not cut across cyclists, horse riders or horse drawn vehicles in the left-hand lane, who are continuing around the roundabout.
Rule 191
You MUST NOT park on a crossing or in the area covered by the zig-zag lines. You MUST NOT overtake the moving vehicle nearest the crossing or the vehicle nearest the crossing which has stopped to give way to pedestrians. Laws RTRA sect 25(5) & TSRGD schedule 14 parts 1 and 5
Rule 192
In slow-moving and queuing traffic you should keep crossings completely clear, as blocking these makes it difficult and dangerous for pedestrians to cross. You should not enter a pedestrian crossing if you are unable to completely clear the crossing. Nor should you block advanced stop lines for cycles. Rule 192: Keep the crossing clear
Rule 193
You should take extra care where the view of either side of the crossing is blocked by queuing traffic or incorrectly parked vehicles. Pedestrians may be crossing between stationary vehicles.
Rule 200
Choose an appropriate place to manoeuvre. If you need to turn your vehicle around, wait until you find a safe place. Try not to reverse or turn round in a busy road; find a quiet side road or drive round a block of side streets.
Rule 201
Do not reverse from a side road into a main road. When using a driveway, reverse in and drive out if you can.
Rule 202
Look carefully before you start reversing. You should use all your mirrors check the ‘blind spot’ behind you (the part of the road you cannot see easily in the mirrors) check there are no pedestrians (particularly children), cyclists, other road users or obstructions in the road behind you. Reverse slowly while checking all around looking mainly through the rear window being aware that the front of your vehicle will swing out as you turn. Get someone to guide you if you cannot see clearly. Rule 202: Check all round when reversing
Examiners will include as many of these varied junction during your test. Understanding exactly how to deal with each and every type of junction is not only essential for safe long-term driving, but also necessary for passing the practical driving test.
“At a junction you should give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from which you are turning.” From January 2022 a pedestrian waiting to cross should be given priority.
The approach to a junction may have a ‘Give Way’ sign or a triangle marked on the road. You MUST give way to traffic on the main road when emerging from a junction with broken white lines across the road.
