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Python defines two types of packages, regular packages and namespace packages. Regular packages are traditional packages as they existed in Python 3.2 and earlier. A regular package is typically implemented as a directory containing an __init__.py file. When a regular package is imported, this __init__.py file is implicitly executed, and the object...
For example, the following file system layout defines a top level parent package with three subpackages: Importing parent.one will implicitly execute parent/__init__.py and parent/one/__init__.py. Subsequent imports of parent.two or parent.three will execute parent/two/__init__.py and parent/three/__init__.py respectively. The first place checked d...
During import, the module name is looked up in sys.modules and if present, the associated value is the module satisfying the import, and the process completes. However, if the value is None, then a ModuleNotFoundError is raised. If the module name is missing, Python will continue searching for the module. If the named module is not found in sys.mod...
sys.modules is writable. Deleting a key may not destroy the associated module (as other modules may hold references to it), but it will invalidate the cache entry for the named module, causing Python to search anew for the named module upon its next import. The key can also be assigned to None, forcing the next import of the module to result in a M...
The import machinery is extensible, so new finders can be added to extend the range and scope of module searching.
Finders do not actually load modules. If they can find the named module, they return a module spec, an encapsulation of the modules import-related information, which the import machinery then uses when loading the module.
The find_spec() method of meta path finders is called with two or three arguments. The first is the fully qualified name of the module being imported, for example foo.bar.baz. The second argument is the path entries to use for the module search. For top-level modules, the second argument is None, but for submodules or subpackages, the second argume...
Changed in version 3.4: The import system has taken over the boilerplate responsibilities of loaders. These were previously performed by the importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() method.
Loaders must satisfy the following requirements: By definition, if a module has a __path__ attribute, it is a package.
The import machinery uses a variety of information about each module during import, especially before loading. Most of the information is common to all modules. The purpose of a modules spec is to encapsulate this import-related information on a per-module basis.
Using a spec during import allows state to be transferred between import system components, e.g. between the finder that creates the module spec and the loader that executes it. Most importantly, it allows the import machinery to perform the boilerplate operations of loading, whereas without a module spec the loader had that responsibility.
A packages __init__.py file may set or alter the packages __path__ attribute, and this was typically the way namespace packages were implemented prior to PEP 420. With the adoption of PEP 420, namespace packages no longer need to supply __init__.py files containing only __path__ manipulation code; the import machinery automatically sets __path__ co...
As a meta path finder, the path based finder implements the find_spec() protocol previously described, however it exposes additional hooks that can be used to customize how modules are found and loaded from the import path.
In Python, you use the import keyword to make code in one module available in another. Imports in Python are important for structuring your code effectively. Using imports properly will make you more productive, allowing you to reuse code while keeping your projects maintainable.
Mar 2, 2010 · In Python, what exactly does import * import? Does it import __init__.py found in the containing folder? For example, is it necessary to declare from project.model import __init__, or is from proj...
Dec 11, 2023 · In Python, a module is a self-contained Python file that contains Python statements and definitions, like a file named GFG.py, can be considered as a module named GFG which can be imported with the help of import statement.
May 12, 2023 · Import functions, variables, classes, etc.: from ... import ... The from ... import ... syntax enables you to specifically import functions, variables, classes, etc., from a module. Import a single item. The from <module_name> import <identifier_name> syntax allows you to import specific items.
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Python import. Summary: in this tutorial, you will examine the Python import statement variants and how they work under the hood. import module. When you import a module, Python does two things: First, check if the module has been loaded and cached in the sys.modules. If not, it will execute the module and create a reference to the module object.
