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In chemistry, cyanide (from Greek kyanos ' dark blue ') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. [ 1 ] In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion −C≡N.
Aug 22, 2024 · cyanide, any compound containing the monovalent combining group CN. In inorganic cyanides, such as sodium cyanide (NaCN), this group is present as the negatively charged cyanide ion; these compounds, which are regarded as salts of hydrocyanic acid, are highly toxic. Organic cyanides are usually called nitriles; in these, the CN group is linked ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- What Is Cyanide?
- How Cyanide Poisons
- Exposure to Cyanide
- Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
- How Much Cyanide Is Lethal?
- Is There A Treatment For Cyanide Poisoning?
The term "cyanide" refers to any chemical containing a carbon-nitrogen (CN) bond. Many substances contain cyanide, but not all of them are deadly poisons. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and cyanogen chloride (CNCl) are lethal, but thousands of compounds called nitriles contain the cyanide group yet aren't as...
In a nutshell, cyanide prevents cells from using oxygento make energy molecules. The cyanide ion, CN-, binds to the iron atom in cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondria of cells. It acts as an irreversible enzyme inhibitor, preventing cytochrome C oxidase from doing its job, which is to transport electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain...
Cyanide can be used as a poisonor chemical warfare agent, but most people are exposed to it unintentionally. Some ways to be exposed to cyanide include: 1. Eating cassava, lima beans, yucca, bamboo shoots, sorghum, or almonds 2. Eating apple seeds, cherry stones, apricot pits, or peach pits 3. Smoking cigarettes 4. Burning plastic 5. Burning coal 6...
Inhaling a high dose of cyanide gas rapidly causes unconsciousness and often death. Lower doses may be survivable, especially if immediate aid is provided. The symptoms of cyanide poisoning are similar to those displayed by other conditions or exposure to any of a number of chemicals, so don't assume cyanide is the cause. In any event, do remove ...
How much cyanide is too much depends on the route of exposure, the dose, and the duration of exposure. Inhaled cyanide presents a greater risk than ingested cyanide. Skin contact is not as much of a concern (unless the cyanide has been mixed with DMSO), except touching the compound could lead to accidentally swallowing some of it.As a rough estimat...
Because it's a relatively common toxin in the environment, the body can detoxify a small amount of cyanide. For example, you can eat the seeds of an apple or withstand cyanide from cigarette smoke without dying. When cyanide is used as a poison or a chemical weapon, treatment depends on the dose. A high dose of inhaled cyanide is lethal too quickly...
- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Cyanide salts are used in metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, and removing gold from its ore. Cyanide gas is used to exterminate pests and vermin in ships and buildings. • If accidentally ingested (swallowed), che micals found in acetonitrilebased products that are used
Sep 6, 2024 · Cyanide is a fast acting and potentially deadly chemical that affects the body's ability to use oxygen. It comes from natural substances in some foods and in certain plants, including the pits and seeds of some common fruits. Cyanide is sometimes described as having a "bitter almond" smell. It does not always give off a smell, and not everyone ...
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Management of cyanide toxicity is based on the principle of reversing and/or displacing cyanide binding to cytochrome a3. There are two major modalities of treatment: hydroxocobalamin and . the cyanide antidote kit containing sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate. 5 • Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit): The preferred antidote, based on a 2018 US ...
