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- “A nudge, as we will use the term, is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. To count as a mere nudge, the intervention must be easy and cheap to avoid.
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In practice, a “nudge” has come to mean: An intervention that gently steers individuals towards a desired action. In the words of Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, authors of the influential 2008 book Nudge:
- Examples of Nudges
- Types of Nudges
- Psychology of Nudging
- Negative Nudges
- How to Use Nudges
- How to Respond to Nudges
- Ethics and Criticisms of Nudging
- Summary and Conclusions
An example of a nudge is a sign, placed near the door of a room in an office building, which reminds people that they should turn off the light when they leave in order to reduce electricity consumption. Another example of a nudge is a reminder, sent to students by their teacher via email, telling them that their class project is due in a week, and...
Nudges can be categorized into different types based on the main mechanism that they use to influence people. Based on this criterion, common types of nudges are the following: 1. Setting a default option. People will often stick with the default option that they’re presented with, so setting a certain option as a default increases the likelihood t...
Because there are many different types of nudges, which can be used in different types of situations, there is no single mechanism that explains how nudges work. However, nudges are generally based on the premise that people are imperfect decision-makers, who display systematic patterns of deviation from rationality, so that by changing people’s ch...
A negative nudgeis a nudge (a simple aspect of people’s environment that alters their behavior in a predictable way, without forbidding any options or significantly changing their incentives) that prompts people to make a decision that’s bad for them. For example, placing unhealthy snacks near the cash register in a supermarket is a negative nudge,...
There are several key things that you should do in order to use nudges as effectively as possible. First, before using a nudge, you should assess the situation, to consider primarily who the nudge will target and what outcome you want to achieve with it. In doing this, you should also ask yourself whether a nudge is an appropriate solution in your ...
There are several things that you can do to respond to other people’s use of nudges. First, you should realize that a given nudge is there, meaning that there’s an aspect of the decision-making environment that prompts people to make a certain decision. Second, you should assess the nudge, by considering factors such as whether it was intentionally...
From an ethical perspective, nudging is often viewed as a form of libertarian paternalism (also called soft paternalism). This represents the idea that it’s acceptable and even desirable to influence people’s decisions and actions when this leads them to make decisions that are believed to be betterfor themselves or for society, as long as they mai...
A nudgeis a simple aspect of people’s decision-making environment that alters their behavior in a predictable way, without forbidding any options or significantly changing their incentives.Examples of nudges include sending people a reminder to schedule a doctor’s appointment, ensuring that healthier food is more noticeable in a cafeteria, providing people with information regarding...Common types of nudges include setting a default option, creating a psychological anchor, changing the ease of choosing certain options, changing the salience of certain options, informing people o...To use nudges, start by determining who the nudge will target and what outcome you want to achieve with it, while considering whether a nudge is an appropriate solution; then, design and implement...Roughly speaking, a nudge is an intervention in the decisional context that steers people's decisions by acting on their cognitive biases. The notion of a nudge generated an intense debate across different disciplines and proved popular with many policy makers around the world.
- Luca Congiu, Luca Congiu, Ivan Moscati, Ivan Moscati
- 2021
Nudge theory is a concept in behavioral economics, decision making, behavioral policy, social psychology, consumer behavior, and related behavioral sciences [1] [2] [3] [4] that proposes adaptive designs of the decision environment (choice architecture) as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals.
A nudge, as defined by the UN Innovation Network, based on the work of Thaler and Sunstein (2008), is “ [a] behaviorally informed intervention, usually made by changing the presentation of choices (i.e., the choice architecture) to an individual, that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way.
Jun 24, 2016 · Thaler's 2008 bestseller, Nudge, co-written with Cass Sunstein, explores how concepts of behavioral economics are used to tackle many of society's major problems.
