Quantification of Nucleic Acids using UV-Spectrophotometers and Fluorometers. Nucleic Acid Quantification Instruments for high, medium, and low throughput. Learn more.
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What is circular DNA?
Do chromosomal DNA molecules have a circular form?
How many nucleotides are in circular DNA?
Are circular DNAs more common than linear DNAs?
Are circular duplex DNA molecules incorporated in both chromatid forms?
Is bacterial DNA circular or linear?
Circular DNA refers to a type of synthetic DNA that forms a closed loop structure, with no free ends. It can be constructed in both single-stranded and double-stranded forms, ranging in size from a few nucleotides to thousands of nucleotides.
- Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA. Justin C. St. John, in Principles of...
- Nucleic Acid
The flow of information from nucleic acids to protein is...
- Mitochondrial DNA
Circular DNA is DNA that forms a closed loop and has no ends. Examples include: Plasmids, mobile genetic elements; cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside cell nuclei; Circular bacterial chromosomes; Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and that of other plastids; Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA)
Bacteria have a single circular chromosome in the centre of the cell that holds all the genes needed for that bacterium. Bacteria also have extra circles of DNA called plasmids.
- Overview
- Initiation of DNA Replication
- The Replication Fork
- Leading Strands and Lagging Strands
- The Need For Primers
- DNA Polymerase
- Features of Replication in Eukaryotic Cells
- Regulating Replication
The DNAs that make up the genomes of bacteria and eukaryotic cells are double-stranded molecules in which each strand is composed of subunits called nucleotides. DNA nucleotides have a direction, in the same way that an arrow has a head and a tail. In DNA strands, the head is the 3′ ("three prime") end of the strand, and the tail is the 5′ ("five p...
DNA replication begins (initiates) at special sites called origins of DNA replication. Eukaryotic DNAs each contain multiple replication origins,spaced at intervals of approximately 100,000 base pairs (100 kilobase pairs, or 100 kb) along the length of the DNA. There are 6 billion base pairsin the human genome, located on forty-six chromosomes, and...
The separation of the two template strands and the synthesis of new daughter DNA molecules creates a moving "replication fork" (Figure 2), in which,double-stranded DNA is continually unwound and copied. The unwinding of DNA poses special problems, which can be visualized by imagining pulling apart two pieces of string that are tightly wound around ...
The coordinated synthesis of the two daughter strands posed an important problem in DNA replication. The two parental strands of DNA run in opposite directions, one from the 5′ to the 3′ end, and the other from the 3′ to the 5′ end. However, all known DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis in only one direction, from the 5′ to the 3′ end, adding nu...
Another property of DNA polymerase poses a second problem in understanding replication. DNA polymerases are unable to initiate synthesis of a new DNA strand from scratch; they can only add nucleotides to the 3′end of an existing strand, which can be either DNA or RNA. Thus, the synthesis of each strand must be started (primed) by some other enzyme....
The two molecules of DNA polymerase used for the synthesis of both leading and lagging strands in bacteria are both DNA polymerase III. They are actually tethered together at the fork by one of the subunits of the protein, keeping their progress tightly coordinated. Many of the other players involved are also linked, so that the entire complex func...
The steps in DNA replication in eukaryotic cells are very much the same as the steps in bacterial replication discussed above. The differences in bacterial and eukaryotic replication relate to the details of the proteins that function in each step. Although amino acidsequences of eukaryotic and prokaryotic replication proteins have diverged through...
DNA replication must be tightly coordinated with cell division, so that extra copies of chromosomes are not created and each daughter cell receives exactly the right number of each chromosome. DNA replication is regulated by controlling the assembly of complexes at replication origins. In bacteria, the accumulation of the initiator protein, dnaA, s...
Oct 2, 2022 · Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), ranging in size from tens to millions of base pairs, is independent of conventional chromosomes. Recently, eccDNAs have been considered an unanticipated...
Oct 13, 2024 · A DNA molecule that forms a closed circle rather than being linear. The resulting topological problems involved in replication are solved with DNA topoisomerase. Circular DNA is found in prokaryotes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and some viral genomes.
Circular DNA is a type of DNA molecule that has a closed-loop structure, which is commonly found in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. This unique configuration allows for efficient replication and expression, playing a vital role in the genomic organization and function of these organisms.
