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- A term used for objects, particularly sherds of pottery, which can be dated to a particular chronological period, and so used to ascertain the date of a particular context.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology
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What is a sherd in archaeology?
What is a shard in pottery?
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Why do archaeologists study shards?
Jul 19, 2018 · A definition of sherd, according to Merriam Webster’s online dictionary, is “a fragment of a pottery vessel found on sites and in refuse deposits where pottery-making peoples have lived.” However, shard is a more generic term for “a piece or fragment of a brittle substance.”
- Manufacture: Raw Materials
- Firing Conditions and Colour
- Prehistoric Pottery
- Roman Pottery
- Saxon Pottery
- Medieval Pottery
- Further Reading
Clay – mostly derived from sedimentary deposits brought by rivers, glaciers, wind etc.Inclusions – often incorporated naturally into the clay (e.g. sand, shell, rock fragments), but also deliberately added (e.g. sand, crushed shell, grog). Unlike clay, such fillers do not hold water...Water is mixed with clay to turn it into a workable medium. A higher proportion of water mixed with clay results in a liquid solution that can be added to the vessel surfaces to form a slip.Fuel is used to dry the pottery before being placed in a kiln, as well as for the kiln firing itself.Oxidising environment: there is an excess of oxygen in the kiln, causing the organic matter in the clay to be released as carbon dioxide, resulting in red or brown cores.After carbon burn-out, iron compounds in the clay will convert to ferric oxide and the pot will turn red, or grey if there is less iron.Clay with a high chalk content will turn white.Reducing environment: as there is no excess of oxygen, the carbon will not burn out, resulting in a grey or black colours.Early Neolithic Pottery (c. 4000 – 3000 BC) 1. e.g. Mildenhall Pottery 2. Predominately ‘S’ profile bowls with rolled rims and carinated shoulders. 3. Round bases and angular shoulders. 4. Decoration on some bowls, more later in the period. 5. Flint tempered. 6. Rolled or thickened rims. 7. Rims may be decorated with oblique or trans parallel incis...
Samian (also known as terra sigillata) 1. Fine red pottery with a glossy red slip. The fabric has a high iron content and is typically rich in calcium. 2. The slip is made of very fine clay mixed with water. It contains a higher proportion of potassium and sodium, which allows it to melt onto the body of the vessel. 3. The pottery is fired in an ox...
Early Saxon pottery (c. 425 – 650 AD) 1. In cemetery sites people are buried with grave goods. Decorated vessels tend to be found on cremation sites. Decoration on funerary vessels is very variable. 2. 5th century pottery has linear designs – straight or curvilinear lines. 3. Late 5th century bosses have straight or curvilinear designs. 4. In the 6...
Early Medieval (c.1066 – late 12th century AD) 1. The main St Neots, Thetford and Stamford ware pottery types persist beyond the Norman invasion. In addition some new fabrics emerge. 2. By the middle of the 12th century St Neots ware goes into decline. Shelly-ware pottery from about c.1150 it is known as Northamptonshire Shelly ware or just SHW in ...
Study Group for Roman Pottery: www.romanpotterystudy.org Medieval Pottery Research Group: www.medievalpottery.org.uk Prehistoric Ceramics Research Group: www.pcrg.org.uk This step by step guide to archaeological techniques is one of a series prepared by Jigsaw – a network of Cambridgeshire groups working alongside Oxford Archaeology East. The guide...
What are sherds? Sherds are small fragments of broken pottery and other materials. They are not complete objects. The collection of sherds in the Museum of Classical Archaeology numbers some 10,000 small finds – including sherds of Greek and Roman pottery, glass, marble and other materials.
Ceramic Shards Definition: Ceramic shards are fragments of broken pottery or earthenware, commonly found during archaeological excavations. Importance in Archaeology: These shards provide insights into daily life, trade, agriculture, and societal status of ancient cultures.
Nov 3, 2023 · In archaeology, pottery shards are called sherds because the word “sherd” derives from the Middle English term “scherd,” meaning “fragment or piece.” The term was later adopted by archaeologists to describe broken pieces of pottery found during excavations.
Fairly hard, smooth brick-red clay body, often with a grey core. Some vessels have sparse white flecks of shell and chalk in the clay. Vessels were often painted with thin, patchy white liquid clay ('slip'), over which a clear glaze was applied and formed usually into jugs, large bowls and cisterns, for brewing beer.
We developed SHARD to provide a consistent and (mostly) idiot-proof system to catalog artifacts from mid-19th to early-20th-century archaeological sites and create data tables that facilitate intra- and inter-site comparisons.
