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Oct 31, 2023 · Protein-encoding genes specify the sequences of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. In turn, proteins are responsible for orchestrating nearly every function of the cell. Both protein-encoding genes and the proteins that are their gene products are absolutely essential to life as we know it.
Jun 8, 2021 · Proteins are the major effectors of cell functions. Protein-coding genes evolve from ancestral genes by gene duplication, recombination, retrotransposition or exon shuffling, and fixation of new DNA variants.
Jan 30, 2009 · The vast majority of the biology of a newly sequenced genome is inferred from the set of encoded proteins. Predicting this set is therefore invariably the first step after the completion of the genome DNA sequence. Here we review the main computational pipelines used to generate the human reference protein-coding gene sets.
Jan 30, 2009 · According to the standard model, the majority of RNA sequences originate from protein-coding genes; that is, they are processed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs) which, after their export to the cytosol, are translated into proteins.
Genes encode proteins, and the instructions for making proteins are decoded in two steps: first, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is produced through the transcription of DNA, and next, the mRNA...
Reverse genetics begins with a cloned gene, a protein with interesting properties that has been isolated from a cell, or simply a genome sequence. If the starting point is a protein, the gene encoding it is first identified and, if necessary, its nucleotide sequence is determined.
Specifically, the sections of DNA that encode protein production are known as exons, and the noncoding sections interspersed among the exons are known as introns. During splicing, which occurs...
