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What is the difference between phase and state of matter?
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In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water.
- Overview
- General considerations
- System variables
- The phase rule
phase, in thermodynamics, chemically and physically uniform or homogeneous quantity of matter that can be separated mechanically from a nonhomogeneous mixture and that may consist of a single substance or a mixture of substances. The three fundamental phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas (vapour), but others are considered to exist, includin...
A system is a portion of the universe that has been chosen for studying the changes that take place within it in response to varying conditions. A system may be complex, such as a planet, or relatively simple, as the liquid within a glass. Those portions of a system that are physically distinct and mechanically separable from other portions of the system are called phases.
Phases within a system exist in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state. Solids are characterized by strong atomic bonding and high viscosity, resulting in a rigid shape. Most solids are crystalline, inasmuch as they have a three-dimensional periodic atomic arrangement; some solids (such as glass) lack this periodic arrangement and are noncrystalline, or amorphous. Gases consist of weakly bonded atoms with no long-range periodicity; gases expand to fill any available space. Liquids have properties intermediate between those of solids and gases. The molecules of a liquid are condensed like those of a solid. Liquids have a definite volume, but their low viscosity enables them to change shape as a function of time. The matter within a system may consist of more than one solid or liquid phase, but a system can contain only a single gas phase, which must be of homogeneous composition because the molecules of gases mix completely in all proportions.
Systems respond to changes in pressure, temperature, and chemical composition, and, as this happens, phases may be created, eliminated, or altered in composition. For example, an increase in pressure may cause a low-density liquid to convert to a denser solid, while an increase in temperature may cause a solid to melt. A change of composition might result in the compositional modification of a preexisting phase or in the gain or loss of a phase.
Britannica Quiz
The classification and limitations of phase changes are described by the phase rule, as proposed by the American chemist J. Willard Gibbs in 1876 and based on a rigorous thermodynamic relationship. The phase rule is commonly given in the form P + F = C + 2. The term P refers to the number of phases that are present within the system, and C is the m...
Oct 8, 2017 · The main difference between phase of matter and state of matter is that phase of matter explains uniform chemical and physical properties of matter whereas state of matter explains the form of matter at a given temperature and a pressure.
Oct 8, 2020 · A phase change or phase transition is a change between solid, liquid, gaseous, and sometimes plasma states of matter. The states of matter differ in the organization of particles and their energy. The main factors that cause phase changes are changes in temperature and pressure.
Aug 13, 2023 · Describe the basic properties of each physical state of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Distinguish between mass and weight. Apply the law of conservation of matter. Classify matter as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture with regard to its physical state and composition.
Aug 19, 2020 · The four states of matter observed in everyday life are solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Other states of matter also exist, although they require special conditions. Here is a look at the states of matter, their properties, and the names of phase transitions between them.
Aug 28, 2024 · Matter undergoes phase changes or phase transitions from one state of matter to another. Below is a complete list of the names of these phase changes of matter. The most commonly known are those six between solids, liquids, and gasses.
