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     • Japanese garden, in landscape design, a type of garden whose major design aesthetic is a simple, minimalist natural setting designed to inspire reflection and meditation.
     www.britannica.com/art/Japanese-garden

     Japanese garden | Elements, Types, Examples, & Pictures ...

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   What is a Japanese garden design?

   • Water features, such as ponds, streams, and waterfalls, are crucial in Japanese garden design. Water represents tranquility, and the sound of flowing water can create a calming and peaceful atmosphere. Water features are often designed to mimic natural water sources, with carefully placed rocks and plants adding to the sense of serenity.

   The Basics Of Japanese Garden Design

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   What are the elements of Japanese garden design?

   • Rocks are considered one of the most important elements in Japanese garden design. They are believed to symbolize mountains and islands, and can be used to create a sense of depth and perspective in the garden. Rocks also represent stability and permanence. Water is another important element in Japanese garden design.

   Japanese Gardens: Symbolism And Design Principles

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   What are the design principles of Japanese gardens?

   • The design principles of Japanese gardens aim to recreate the natural beauty of these landscapes in a small, contained space. Elements such as rocks, water, plants, and sand are carefully arranged to create a miniature world that evokes a sense of calm and serenity.

   Japanese Gardens: Symbolism And Design Principles

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   What makes Japanese gardens unique?

   • Japanese gardens are also heavily influenced by the natural landscape of Japan, which is characterized by mountains, rivers, and forests. The design principles of Japanese gardens aim to recreate the natural beauty of these landscapes in a small, contained space.

   Japanese Gardens: Symbolism And Design Principles

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   What is the philosophy of Japanese garden design?

   • Another important philosophical concept in Japanese garden design is the idea of yin and yang, or balance and harmony. Japanese gardens aim to create a sense of balance between contrasting elements, such as light and shadow, hard and soft, and stillness and movement.

   The Basics Of Japanese Garden Design

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   How to create an authentic Japanese garden?

   • To create an authentic Japanese garden, it is essential to incorporate natural elements such as rocks, water features, and plantings. The selection and placement of rocks should reflect the desired mood and style of the garden. Water features, such as ponds or streams, can be designed to mimic natural water sources.

   The Ultimate Guide To Japanese Gardens: History, Elements, And Design

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4. japanobjects.com › features › garden-design5 Types of Authentic Japanese Garden Design You Should Know

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   Jun 22, 2018 · Here is the low down on 5 of the most important types of traditional Japanese garden design and the elements that you will find in each. A little background to these styles will really enhance your understanding next time you visit a Japanese garden!

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5. www.britannica.com › art › Japanese-gardenJapanese garden | Elements, Types, Examples, & Pictures ...

   www.britannica.com › art › Japanese-garden

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   • Overview
   • Types of gardens
   • Characteristic features

   Japanese garden, in landscape design, a type of garden whose major design aesthetic is a simple, minimalist natural setting designed to inspire reflection and meditation.

   The art of garden making was probably imported into Japan from China or Korea. Records show that the imperial palaces had gardens by the 5th century ce, their chief characteristic being a pond with an islet connected to the shore by bridges—as is shown by later references to these precedents in Emperor Shōmu’s (724–756) three gardens in Nara. During the Heian period (794–1185), when the symmetrical shinden style of architecture prevailed, the main garden was laid out on the southern side of the house. With the change of domestic architecture in the Kamakura period (1192–1333), however, came modifications of the garden. Learned Zen priests, who assiduously studied the art of garden making, gave Buddhistic names to different rocks in the design and linked religio-philosophic principles with landscape lore. Other beliefs further complicated garden design. With the Muromachi period (1338–1573) came popularization of gardens, which were designed to be enjoyed not only as views to contemplate but as microcosms to explore. The subjective mood became dominant and the gardens reflected individuality. People demanded shibumi in their gardens—an unassuming quality in which refinement underlies a commonplace appearance, perceptible only to a cultivated taste. Aesthetic priests, “tea men,” and connoisseurs created new forms of gardens for cha-shitsu, the little pavilions or rooms built for the chanoyu (tea ceremony), and a special style developed which revolutionized Japanese garden art.

   See full list on britannica.com

   Japanese gardens are generally classified according to the nature of the terrain, either tsuki-yama (“artificial hills”) or hira-niwa (“level ground”), each having particular features. Tsuki-yama consists of hills and ponds, and hira-niwa consists of flat ground designed to represent a valley or moor; tsuki-yama may include a portion laid out as hira-niwa. Each type may, furthermore, be treated in any one of the three degrees of elaboration mentioned. Hill gardens as a rule include a stream and a pond of real water, but there is a special variation, the kare-sansui (dried-up landscape) style, in which rocks are composed to suggest a waterfall and its basin and, for a winding stream or a pond, gravel or sand is used to symbolize water or to suggest seasonally dried-up terrain.

   There are other styles: sen-tei (“water garden”); rin-sen (“forest and water”); and, in level gardens, bunjin (“literary scholar”), a simple and small style typically integrating bonsai. The tea garden, or roji (“dewy ground or lane”), is another distinct garden style evolved to meet the requirements of the tea ceremony. Genkansaki (“front of entrance”) have always claimed special treatment—a simple curve in the path is used whenever possible, partly to conceal the door to the house and partly to give character to its front aspect.

   See full list on britannica.com

   Japanese gardens are characterized by: the waterfall, of which there are ten or more different arrangements; the spring and stream to which it gives rise; the lake; hills, built up from earth excavated from the basin for the lake; islands; bridges of many varieties; and the natural guardian stones. The selection and effective distribution of the stones are a prime consideration in garden design. After endless experiments and deep pondering, the best and most subtle compositions were handed down by means of drawings. A studied irregularity in the arrangement of stepping stones is a noteworthy feature of the chanoyu garden, where beauty and use are combined.

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   In modern Japanese gardens, flowers are few and evergreens popular. Simplicity, restraint, and consistency are sought rather than gaiety, showiness, or the obvious variations of the seasons. Evergreen foliage is preferred to the changing aspect of deciduous trees, although maples and a few others are used. As in the case of stones, trees must be distributed in the garden in harmony with their natural origin and habit of growth. Wells, decorative and useful alike, stone water basins in endless variety, stone lanterns and figures, pagodas, arbours, and summer houses are the most characteristic garden furnishings. Together with gateways and fences—particularly the widely varying sode-gaki (“sleeve fences”) attached to the side of a house to screen certain portions—these elements harmonize the natural beauty of the garden with the architectural features of the house.

   See full list on britannica.com

   • Author: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

6. Videos

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     18 Essential Elements of Authentic Japanese Garden Design

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     4 Types of Japanese Garden Design | Large and Small Garden Ideas From Traditional Japanese Gardens

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     Zen Principles of Japanese Garden Design | 7 Design Tips

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7. japanesegardencraft.com › the-basics-of-japaneseThe Basics Of Japanese Garden Design

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   Embracing the serenity of Japanese garden design is a journey of discovery and harmony. In this article, we will explore the fundamentals of creating a Japanese garden, offering beginners a comprehensive guide to the key concepts and ideas that bring these beautiful spaces to life.

8. www.bhg.com › styles › elements-of-a-japanese-garden18 Essential Elements of Authentic Japanese Garden Design

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   • Make an Entrance. Use a simple bamboo fence to block views of the world outside your garden and make the entrance clear with a gate and attractive arbor.
   • Create Mystery. A key element in the Japanese garden style is creating vignettes that can't be viewed all at once. Here, a winding path leads your eye past the stone pagoda and invites you to speculate about what's around the next corner.
   • Grow Evergreens. Low-maintenance Japanese garden design often relies on subtle differences in color and texture. Here, conifers provide soothing shades of green for year-round interest.
   • Encourage Moss. Moss makes a serene-looking groundcover in moist, shady areas. Because moss doesn't tolerate foot traffic well, place a stepping stone walkway among the moss to allow passage without damaging its soft surface.

9. pieceofcakegardening.com › the-ultimate-guide-toThe Ultimate Guide To Japanese Gardens: History, Elements ...

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   Sep 11, 2023 · Japanese gardens incorporate symbolism and meaning in their design elements. Rocks and stones can represent mountains or islands, while water features symbolize purity and renewal. Bamboo and pine trees represent longevity and resilience, while cherry blossoms evoke the transient nature of life.

10. discoveringjp.com › japanese-gardens-symbolism-andJapanese Gardens: Symbolism And Design Principles

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    The design principles of Japanese gardens aim to recreate the natural beauty of these landscapes in a small, contained space. Elements such as rocks, water, plants, and sand are carefully arranged to create a miniature world that evokes a sense of calm and serenity.

11. gardenbeast.com › japanese-gardenWhat Is a Japanese Garden? Key Features, Plants & More

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    Feb 6, 2023 · Visiting a Japanese garden is a unique experience. Unlike a normal garden which is solely a celebration of nature, the Japanese garden is infused with history, art, and spirituality. Many of the historic gardens that you can visit in Japan are hundreds or even thousands of years old.