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The Axis powers, [ nb 1 ] originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis[ 1 ] and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan.
All the Axis powers were defeated in the course of World War II and left the conflict at different times. Mussolini was deposed following the invasion of Sicily in 1943, and Italy formally changed sides and joined the Allies later that year, though Rome would not be liberated until June 1944 .
Sep 13, 2024 · World War II, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939–45. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers — Germany, Italy, and Japan —and the Allies— France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Rome-Berlin Axis
- Anti-Comintern Pact
- Pact of Steel
- Tripartite Pact
- Hungary
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Bulgaria
- Yugoslavia
- Croatia
Italy and Germany began to pursue closer relations in 1936 after the League of Nations imposed sanctions on Italy for invading Abyssinia and after Italy’s alliance with Britain and France ended. On October 25, 1936, Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship in which they pledged to pursue a common foreign policy. Based on a speech given...
On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact. In this pact, the two countries pledged mutual assistance in combating the threat posed by the Communist International. Although the pact does not mention the Soviet Union, it was directed at tha...
On May 22, 1939, Germany and Italy expanded their political alliance into a military one by signing the Pact of Friendship and Alliance. Dubbed the Pact of Steel by Mussolini, the agreement provided for military cooperation and mutual defensive support between Germany and Italy. World War II began on September 1, 1939, when Germany attacked Poland....
On September 27, 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact. This pact formalized the alliance between the three countries, which subsequently were referred to as the Axis powers. In the Pact, Japan recognized “the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe.” In return, Germany and Italy recognized...
Hungarywas beholden to Germany and Italy for awarding it part of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and approving its annexation of Northern Transylvania from Romania in September 1940. Hungary’s leaders were also eager for preferential economic treatment from Nazi Germany. Hungary joined the Axis alliance on November 20, 1940.
Having requested and received a German military mission in October 1940, Romaniajoined the Axis on November 23, 1940. The Romanians hoped that loyal support for a German invasion of the Soviet Union and faithful oil deliveries would: 1) destroy the Soviet threat; 2) return to Romania provinces annexed by the Soviet Union in June 1940; and 3) win Ge...
Slovakiawas both politically and economically dependent on Germany for its existence as a sovereign state. Thus, Slovakia followed suit and joined the Axis alliance on November 24, 1940.
Initially, Bulgarian leaders stalled and resisted German pressure to join the Axis alliance. They were reluctant to get involved in a war with the Soviet Union. They also did not want to antagonize Yugoslavia, which was nominally an ally of Greece. However, Bulgariajoined the Axis after the Germans offered them Greek territory in Thrace. The German...
Yugoslaviareluctantly joined the Axis on March 25, 1941. It did so because the Germans agreed to respect Yugoslav neutrality in the war against Greece and did not demand transit rights for Axis troops. Two days later, Serbian military officers who objected to the Tripartite Pact overthrew the Yugoslav government that had signed it. This enraged Hit...
As part of the dismemberment of Yugoslavia, the Axis powers created a satellite state called the Independent State of Croatia. It was run by Croats who belonged to the fascist Ustaša movement. The Independent State of Croatia joined the Axis on June 15, 1941.
- Elinor Evans
- 2 min
- The Nazis' overconfidence. By Ben Shepherd.
- Allied operational capacity. By James Holland. Historians tend to view the Second World War predominantly through the prism of strategic decisions and fighting at the coalface, when an arguably more important consideration is how combatant nations marshal their resources.
- The invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler’s June 1941 advance into the USSR – known as Operation Barbarossa – was the decisive moment of the war, because there after, at unspeakable human cost, the Red Army did the heavy lifting: first to contain the Germans, and finally to defeat them.
- The T-34 tank. By Andrew Roberts. Between 1941 and 1945, the Soviet Union produced 58,681 T-34 tanks. They were not the most powerful tanks in terms of firepower, nor the fastest, but their vast numbers won battle after battle for the Red Army, which is what ultimately destroyed Nazi Germany.
World War II was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during 1939–45. The main combatants were the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China).
Mar 16, 2021 · At their height, during World War II, the Axis powers had an enormous empire that controlled vast parts of Europe, East and Southeastern Asia, and Africa. The war ended in 1945; the Axis lost not only the battle, but their alliance was also gone.
