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Feb 9, 2016 · What’s Happened. The Knoedler & Company forgery scandal—which brought down the once-esteemed gallery in 2011 and spawned numerous protracted lawsuits—came to an abrupt halt Wednesday when collectors Domenico and Eleanore De Sole announced a settlement with Knoedler and its parent company 8-31 Holdings, Inc., the remaining defendants in the case.
Knoedler. Stereoscopic photograph of the Knoedler gallery interior, c.1860–1880. M. Knoedler & Co. (/ ˈnoʊdlər /) [ 1 ] was an art dealership in New York City founded in 1846. When it closed in 2011, amid lawsuits for fraud, [ 2 ] it was one of the oldest commercial art galleries in the US, having been in operation for 165 years. [ 3 ]
- A History of Questionable Dealings
- A Gallery Reborn
- Things Fall Apart
When Michael Knoedler arrived in New York in 1846 as a representative of the French lithographer Goupil & Cie, the city had virtually no art dealers to speak of. Because few Americans could afford to purchase one-of-a-kind oil paintings, Knoedler’s job was to sell customers inexpensive prints from Paris. By the turn of the century, the gallery adva...
Soon after the ignominy of the Elmyr affair, Knoedler found itself teetering on bankruptcy. In 1971, the gallery was sold for $2.5 million– to their old partner in the Hermitage deals: Armand Hammer. Hammer made the excellent choice of appointing his business partner Maury Leibovitz to run the operation. Leibovitz, in turn, hired a well-connected a...
Armand Hammer died in 1990, and his grandson, Michael A. Hammer, assumed control of the gallery. When Leibovitz died in 1992, the gallery’s relationship with Neiman deteriorated. Then, in 1994, Michael Hammer dismissed Rubin, ceding total control of the operation to his protégé Ann Freedman, which caused an exodus of artists led by Rauschenberg. Th...
- The Alleged Masterminds. Jose Carlos Bergantiños Diaz, his then girlfriend Glafira Rosales, and his brother Jesus Angel Bergantiños Diaz allegedly ordered up the fake paintings and fabricated the backstories, which often involved the paintings going straight from the artists’ studios to the collectors.
- Central Defendant—and Victim? Knoedler director Ann Freedman is at the center of the case. She had left the gallery in 2009 after decades in the business.
- The Plaintiffs. Bringing the case are collectors John Howard, who reportedly purchased a fake de Kooning, and Domenico de Sole, the former chairman of Gucci, who now serves on the board of Sotheby’s.
- The Settlements. Howard and De Sole’s case is just the one that has come to trial. Among the cases the gallery settled out of court are one brought by hedge fund manager Pierre LaGrange over a reportedly fake Jackson Pollock.
Aug 28, 2019 · The case initially named a lengthy list of defendants, including Knoedler Gallery, its former president, Ann Freedman, gallery owner Michael Hammer, and his related company, 8-31 Holdings, as well ...
Apr 28, 2020 · That day never came for Ann Freedman, the art dealer at the center of a forgery scandal that rocked the art world and brought down New York’s Knoedler & Co., the country’s oldest art gallery ...
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Feb 28, 2021 · Made You Look: The True Story About Fake Art is a new to Netflix documentary. It charts the demise of Knoedler New York’s oldest commercial art gallery. It’s a fascinating insight into America’s most significant art fraud. This $80m deception duped some of the world’s highest-profile Experts, Collectors, Museums, even the Chairman of ...
