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Timeline. c. 814 BCE. Traditional founding date for the Phoenician colony of Carthage by Tyre. 580 BCE - 376 BCE. Carthage and Greece fight for dominance in Sicily. 540 BCE. A joint Carthaginian and Cerveteri force wins the Battle of the Sardinian Sea against the Phocaeans. 539 BCE.
- Joshua J. Mark
- Content Director
Ancient Carthage (/ ˈkɑːrθɪdʒ / KAR-thij; Punic: 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕, lit. 'New City') was an ancient Semitic civilisation based in North Africa. [4] Initially a settlement in present-day Tunisia, it later became a city-state and then an empire.
Carthage[ a ] was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classical world. It became the capital city of the civilisation of Ancient Carthage and later Roman ...
The siege of Carthage was the main engagement of the Third Punic War fought between Carthage and Rome. It consisted of the nearly-three-year siege of the Carthaginian capital, Carthage (a little north east of Tunis). In 149 BC, a large Roman army landed at Utica in North Africa. The Carthaginians hoped to appease the Romans, but despite the ...
- c. 149-spring 146 BC
- Roman-Numidian victoryDestruction of Carthage
- Carthage (near Tunis)
- Foundation & Expansion
- Affluence & Invasion
- The Punic Wars
- Later History
- Conclusion
According to legend, Carthage was founded by the Phoenician Queen Elissa (better known as Dido) c. 814 BCE; although Dido's historicity has been challenged, the founding does date to about this time. Dido was allegedly fleeing the tyranny of her brother Pygmalion of Lebanon, landed on the coast of North Africa, and established the city on the high ...
The city's wealth was due not only to its advantageous position on the North African coast, from which it could control sea traffic between itself and its colony on Sicily, but also to the people's skill in agriculture. The writer Mago of Carthage (dates unknown) wrote a work of 28 volumes devoted to agriculture and veterinarian science which was c...
Control of Sicily was divided between Rome and Carthage who supported opposing factions on the island which quickly brought both parties into conflict directly with each other. These conflicts would be known as the Punic Wars from the Phoenician word for the citizens of Carthage (given in Greek as Phoinix and in Latin as Punicus). When Rome was wea...
Utica now became the capital of Rome's African provinces and Carthage lay in ruin until 122 BCE when Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (l. 154-121 BCE) the Roman tribune, founded a small colony there. Gaius' political problems, and the memory of the Punic wars still being too fresh, however, caused the colony to fail. Julius Caesar proposed and planned the...
The site of the ancient city continued to be inhabited and was included in the region taken by the Ottoman Empire(1299-1922 CE) who had no interest in excavating the ruins. The stones of the fallen houses, temples, and walls were carried off for personal or administrative building projects or left where they had been found. Modern archaeological ex...
- Joshua J. Mark
The Battle of Carthage in 146 bce ended generations of war between the Phoenician-founded city and Rome, both vying for control of the Mediterranean Sea. It ended with the destruction of the city and can be viewed an act of Roman aggression prompted as much by motives of revenge for earlier wars as by greed for the rich farming lands around the ...
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Key People: Scipio Africanus the Younger. Third Punic War, (149–146 bce), third of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) Empire that resulted in the final destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. The first and second Punic wars (264–241 bce ...
