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- Biomechanics is the science of the movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to move. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on movement mechanics.
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- Flexion and Extension. Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane. They refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts
- Abduction and Adduction. Abduction and adduction are two terms that are used to describe movements towards or away from the midline of the body. Abduction is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.
- Medial and Lateral Rotation. Medial and lateral rotation describe movement of the limbs around their long axis: Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline.
- Elevation and Depression. Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug), depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.
Define and identify the different body movements. Demonstrate the different types of body movements. Identify the joints that allow for these motions. Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements.
- Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Mat...
- 2019
- Introduction
- Planes
- Axes
- Flexion and Extension
- Abduction and Adduction
- Elevation and Depression
- Internal and External Rotation
- Circumduction
- Pronation and Supination
- Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
The movements produced at joints by muscles are given specific anatomical names, often referred to as “anatomical terms of motion”. We usually make the assumption that the body is in normal resting anatomical position, and that joint movement occurs from this resting position. In this article, we explore the difference between an axis and a plane, ...
There are several different planesthat we use to describe the body and movements. There are three major planes.
There are also several different axeswe use to describe the movement of a joint. It is useful to think of an axis as a metal pole, and the joint rotating around this pole.
When talking about flexion and extension, we are usually referring to these movements as they occur about the coronal axis, and along the sagittal plane. Flexion refers to decreasing a joint angle, and extension to increasing the joint angleback to resting anatomical position.
Abduction and adduction refer to movements made about a sagittal axis and along the coronal plane. Abduction is moving a body part away from its resting anatomical position in the coronal plane; adduction is returning it to its normal resting position(includes ‘hyperadduction’).
Elevation refers to lifting, and depression refers to lowering. These movements only occur in several regions of the body and are a result of movement along the coronal plane.
Rotationrefers to movements made about the longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane. Internal rotation is rotating a joint towards the midline and external rotationis rotating a joint away from the midline.
Circumduction is a compound movement that occurs only at ball and socket joints, which can perform multiple movement types. As Figure 23, it is a combination of: 1. Flexion and extension 2. Abduction and adduction 3. Rotation Circumduction is described as a circular motion utilising each of these movements at different parts of the circular motion....
Pronation and supinationoccur at pivot joints. The most important example of this is the radiohumeral joint and the union of the radius and ulna through the interosseous membrane. To remember pronation, think of lying prone (on your belly). Thus, pronation of the radiohumeral joint refers to the palm of the hand facing the ground. To remember supin...
The foot is a little special and has four movements specific to it. The first two, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, refer to the way the foot moves about the coronal axis and along the sagittal plane. Dorsiflexion brings the dorsum (back) of the foot back toward the tibia, so the toes are beginning to point towards the sky. This is a position of hi...
- William Maish
Jul 20, 2023 · Without going into complicated physics explanations and equations, movement involves an entity moving from point A to point B. The movement is carried out around a fixed axis or fulcrum and has a direction. Anatomical movements are no different.
- Medical Content Validation
- 36 min
- Moving away from the reference axis
- Flexion and Extension. Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs.
- Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction. Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement.
- Rotation. Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae.
- Supination and Pronation. Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward.
Jul 1, 2024 · Biomechanics is the science of the movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to move. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on movement mechanics.
Define the different types of body movements. Identify the joints that allow for these motions. Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation.
