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Join a year-long journey of discovery into the mysteries of human nature, from our origins to our future. Learn about the science, culture, and stories of what makes us human, and how we can live better.
- Jon Farrar
- Karl Marx
- David Hume
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Plato
- Immanuel Kant
- Thomas Aquinas
- What Do You think?
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Karl Marx is known for writing the Communist Manifesto alongside philosopher and social scientist Friedrich Engels. He was among the foremost advocates of communism in 19th century Europe. Although he is famous for his socialism, he remains one of the most prominent modern philosophical thinkers. Aside from sparking a vast set of social movements d...
David Hume was an empiricist. He believed that all human ideas have roots from sense impressions. Meaning, even if we imagine a creature that does not exist, your imagination of it still consists of things you’ve sensed in the real world. Why is this relevant to being human? According to Hume, in order to arrange these impressions, we use different...
There is, perhaps, no other modern philosopher as deeply enigmatic as Ludwig Wittgenstein. His philosophy can be turned sideways, and you’ll still find it both authoritative and obscure. His philosophy about humanity can be interpreted in many ways. But the gist is still compelling. Let’s digest what he thinks from his one and only book Tractatus-L...
Friedrich Nietzsche – yet another revolutionary philosopher. He is best known for his book, Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits. Amongst other philosophers who write unpalatable and obscure ideologies, Nietzche is witty, eloquent, and brutally honest. And even poetic. He is a philosopher who scrutinizes human nature, while offering concre...
You really didn’t think we’d skip Plato in this list, did you? After all, there’s his Theory of Human Nature. Plato believed in souls. He believed that humans have both immaterial mind (soul) andmaterial body. That our souls exist before birth and after death. And it is composed of 1. reason; 2. appetite (physical urges); and will(emotion, passion,...
Immanuel Kant is widely regarded as one of the most influential western philosophers of all time. His ideologies were about religion, politics, and eternal peace. But most importantly, he was a philosopher of human autonomy. Kant believed that as humans, we are determined and capable of knowledge, and the ability to act on it, without depending on ...
Like Plato, Thomas Aquinas was a dualist, who believed that human beings have both a body and a soul. But unlike Kant who believed it is our intellect that gives us meaning, Aquinas believed the reverse. For him, we absorb knowledge through our sense, and the intellect processes it later, and more gradually, through our human experiences. Aquinas b...
You don’t need to be a philosopherto come to your own conclusions. For you, what does it mean to be human? Is it compassion, empathy, logic, our consciousness? In this world of technology, social media, and advanced scientific discoveries, it’s important to keep asking this crucial question. Don’t let all the noise distracting you from reflection –...
Explore how Karl Marx, David Hume, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Friedrich Nietzsche, Plato, Aristotle and Immanuel Kant answer the fundamental question of human nature. Learn about their theories on consciousness, language, morality, history, society and more.
- Genefe Navilon
May 16, 2012 · The author argues that the concept of human is an indexical term that varies across contexts and cultures. He explains how the term can be used to exclude or include different groups of beings, and how it relates to natural kinds and artificial kinds.
Apr 2, 2024 · Explore the definition and evolution of humanity through different perspectives and fields in this unique series hosted by futurist Ari Wallach. Learn how to think about your past, present and future selves, and how to apply long-term and iterative thinking to shape a better future.
- Walking Upright. The earliest humans climbed trees and walked on the ground. This flexibility helped them get around in diverse habitats and cope with changing climates.
- Tools & Food. Early humans butchered large animals at least 2.6 million years ago. By at least 500,000 years ago, early humans made wooden spears and used them to kill large animals.
- Bodies. As early humans spread to different environments, they evolved body shapes that helped them survive in hot and cold climates. Changing diets also led to changes in body shape.
- Brains. As early humans faced new environmental challenges and evolved bigger bodies, they evolved larger and more complex brains.
Dec 9, 2011 · How has the concept of humanness evolved over time and across cultures? Explore 300 years of definitions and debates from philosophy, science, and social history.
Aug 20, 2018 · The question, “What is it to be human?” is not just narcissistic, it involves a culpable obtuseness. It is rather like asking, “What is it to be white?” It connotes unearned privileges ...