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Paul Baran (born Pesach Baran / ˈ b æ r ən /; April 29, 1926 – March 26, 2011) was an American-Jewish engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks.
Mar 22, 2018 · While working at RAND on a scheme for U.S. telecommunications infrastructure to survive a “first strike,” Paul Baran conceived of the Internet and digital packet switching, the Internet's underlying data communications technology.
Paul Baran, American electrical engineer, inventor of the distributed network and, contemporaneously with British computer scientist Donald Davies, of data packet switching across distributed networks. These inventions were the foundation for the Internet.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Mar 1, 2001 · Paul Baran conceived the Internet's architecture at the height of the Cold War. Forty years later, he says the Net's biggest threat wasn't the USSR - it was the phone...
- Communications History
- Early Career
- Not-For-Profit Period
- Silicon Valley Period
- Relevance of The IEEE Communications Society
Hochfelder: Would you begin by sketching the last fifty years or so of communications history? What do you think were the important communications technologies and innovations? Baran: There are so many important new technologies created during this last half century it is impossible to enumerate them all. During this period transistors and computer...
Baran: As my life touched on only a small portion of the vast panoply of communications technology that enfolded over the last fifty years, I would like to focus on technologies where I have had first hand experience. When I chat about my career and touch on the different technologies that I personally encountered along the way, I remind the reader...
The RAND Corporation, 1959 - 68
Baran: At Hughes Ground Systems continued to grow, I felt that my effectiveness was increasingly constrained by the even more rapidly growing bureaucracy. I thought that I could be more effective in a smaller organization, preferably working as an individual researcher. And, I was lucky in ending up at the RAND Corporation, a not-for-profit organization set up at the end of World War II to preserve the Operations Research capability created and developed during the war. I had visited RAND a f...
Conceptual Gap Between Analog and Digital Thinking
Baran: The fundamental hurdle in acceptance was whether the listener had digital experience or knew only analog transmission techniques. The older telephone engineers had problems with the concept of packet switching. On one of my several trips to AT&T Headquarters at 195 Broadway in New York City I tried to explain packet switching to a senior telephone company executive. In mid sentence he interrupted me, “Wait a minute, son. “Are you trying to tell me that you open the switch before the si...
AT&T Headquarters Lack of Receptivity
Baran: Possibly, but not frontally. They didn’t want to do it for a number of reasons and dug their heels in looking for publicly acceptable reasons. For example, AT&T asserted that were not enough paths through the country to provide for the number of routes that I had proposed for the National packet based network but refused to show us their route maps. (I didn’t tell them that someone at RAND had already acquired a back door copy of the AT&T maps containing the physical routes across the...
Cabledata Associates, 1973+
Baran: My plan for the next stage of my life was to develop new communications technology to the home. For example consider the communications technology required to support the process described in the described American Marketing Association paper. The idea would be to create high technology start-up companies in the new field of digital communications based on new products made possible by Moore’sLaw anticipated decline in the cost of semiconductor electronics. Once the initial highest ris...
Comprint, Inc., Low Cost Computer Printers
Baran: The first of Cabledata Associates product developments was a low-cost, high-speed (120 characters per second) keyboard terminal printer for timesharing applications. The mechanical printers at the time operated at 10 and 30 characters per second using plain paper. The first generation of the new printer used electrorestive printing that required a frankly unattractive paper. A second-generation product was in early development based on transferring higher resolution writing from a ribb...
Equatorial Communications Co., First VSAT Company
Baran: The next Company to be started by the Cabledata Associates group was Equatorial Communications. This was the first small dish satellite ground station. These small dish satellites are now called VSATS or Very Small Aperture Terminal Stations. At this time the FCC allowed only very large antennas to be used with equatorial satellites to insure that the energy from one ground transmitter did not inadvertently illuminate the adjacent orbital slot. I came up with the idea of using spread s...
Hochfelder: What involvement, if any, have you had with the IEEE Communications Society? Baran: I have been an IEEE member for a long time, starting as a Student Member, and am now a Life Fellow. The Communications Society has been important to me in many ways, primarily being able to read their literature to stay current in the field. My first pub...
An Internet pioneer, Paul Baran invented packet switching techniques that can be credited with playing a key role in the development of the Internet. Born in Poland, Paul immigrated to the US, where he graduated from Drexel University in 1949 with a degree in electrical engineering.
Baran began working with computers as a technician on the groundbreaking UNIVAC I (1951) computer system, the first commercially available computer in the United States.
