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1. • • We show that the reflectance depends, in addition to the pigmentation, on the petal's thickness and the inhomogeneity of its interior. We find large between-species differences in floral pigments, pigment concentration and localization, as well as floral interior structure.
     royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2016.0429

     How to colour a flower: on the optical principles of flower ...

2. People also ask

   What determines a flower's reflectance?

   • Apart from pigments that selectively absorb light at specific wavelength ranges, three main characteristics determine a flower’s reflectance: the refractive index difference between floral structures, the flower’s interior inhomogeneity and the flower’s thickness.

   Functional significance of the optical properties of flowers for visual

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344213/

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   Why are floral reflectance measurements important?

   • Floral reflectance measurements are of great value to researchers who need consider the real colour of flowers, for example in the context of how the flowers appear to their pollinators.

   FReD: The floral reflectance spectra database - Nature

   www.nature.com/articles/npre.2008.1846.1.pdf

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   How is light reflected in a flower?

   • Diagram of light reflection in a flower. Part of the incident light ( I) is reflected by the surface ( Rsurface) or by the interior ( Rinterior ), part of the light is transmitted ( T) through the flower, and light of a specific wavelength range is absorbed by pigments.

   Functional significance of the optical properties of flowers for visual

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344213/

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   What determines the color of a flower?

   • Floral pigments determine a flower’s colour and thus its hue and saturation. The type of pigment determines the hue, and the degree of filtering by pigments determines the flower’s saturation. The degree of absorption by pigments is due to both the amount and localization of pigment.

   Functional significance of the optical properties of flowers for visual

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344213/

   See all results for this question

   What is the floral reflectance database?

   • We introduce the Floral Reflectance Database (FReD), an online, searchable database containing reflectance spectra for over 2000 flower and leaf samples. The purpose of the database is to make these spectra publicly available as a resource for researchers investigating flower colour and pollination ecology.

   FReD: The floral reflectance spectra database - Nature

   www.nature.com/articles/npre.2008.1846.1.pdf

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   What is the floral reflectance database (Fred)?

   • We anticipate that this resource will be of interest to researchers working on flower colour and animal vision. We introduce the Floral Reflectance Database (FReD), an online, searchable database containing reflectance spectra for over 2000 flower and leaf samples.

   FReD: The floral reflectance spectra database - Nature

   www.nature.com/articles/npre.2008.1846.1.pdf

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3. www.nature.com › articles › npreFReD: The floral reflectance spectra database - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › npre

   We introduce the Floral Reflectance Database (FReD), an online, searchable database containing reflectance spectra for over 2000 flower and leaf samples. The purpose of the database is to...

   • Author: Sarah E. J. Arnold, Vincent Savolainen, Lars Chittka

   • Publish Year: 2008

4. royalsocietypublishing.org › doi › 10How to colour a flower: on the optical principles of flower ...

   royalsocietypublishing.org › doi › 10

   May 11, 2016 · Flower coloration is due to the combined effect of wavelength-selective absorption by pigments and light scattering by the petal interior [11–14]. The reflected light in the wavelength ranges complementary to the pigment's absorption band determines the flower's hue and saturation.

   • Author: Casper J. van der Kooi, J. Theo M. Elzenga, Marten Staal, Doekele G. Stavenga

   • Publish Year: 2016

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6. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesFunctional significance of the optical properties of flowers ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Jul 4, 2018 · Apart from pigments that selectively absorb light at specific wavelength ranges, three main characteristics determine a flower’s reflectance: the refractive index difference between floral structures, the flower’s interior inhomogeneity and the flower’s thickness.

   • Author: Casper J van der Kooi, Adrian G Dyer, Peter G Kevan, Klaus Lunau
   • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy119

   • Publish Year: 2019
   • Publication: Ann Bot. 2019 Jan; 123(2): 263-276.

7. www.researchgate.net › figure › Diagram-showing-howDiagram showing how different optical properties determine a ...

   www.researchgate.net › figure › Diagram-showing-how

   In this paper, the degree and pattern of UV light reflection in flowers of 240 plant species from 55 families were examined. Four levels of UV absorption and reflection were used to rank the...

8. www.reflectance.co.ukFReD - Floral Reflectance Database

   www.reflectance.co.uk

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   The aim of the Floral Reflectance Database is for researchers from around the world to be able to submit (click here to submit your spectra) and download data on floral colour and reflectance.

9. royalsocietypublishing.org › doi › pdfHow to colour a flower: on the optical principles of flower ...

   royalsocietypublishing.org › doi › pdf

   We show that the reflectance depends, in addition to the pigmentation, on the petal’s thickness and the inhomogeneity of its interior. We find large between-species differences in floral pigments, pigment concentration and localization, as well as floral interior structure.

10. www.researchgate.net › figure › Reflectance-spectraReflectance spectra and their visual signals for four example ...

    www.researchgate.net › figure › Reflectance-spectra

    Flower color not only determines the quality and commercial value of ornamental plants, but it also plays a vital role in ecological processes such as pollinator attraction.