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fluid mechanics, science concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them. It is a branch of classical physics with applications of great importance in hydraulic and aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering, meteorology, and zoology.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems are partly or wholly unsolved and are best addressed by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach. [2]
- Steady and Unsteady Fluid Flow 1. Steady Flow. A steady flow is one in which conditions (velocity, pressure and cross-section) can vary from point to point, but do not change over time.
- Uniform and Non-Uniform Fluid Flow 1. Uniform Flow. If the flow parameter remains constant with distance along the flow path, then the fluid flow is uniform flow.
- One, two and Three-dimensional Fluid Flow. Although in general, all fluids flow in three-dimensional form, varying in all directions with pressure and velocity and other flow properties, in many cases the largest change occurs in only two directions or even only in one.
- Rotational or Irrotational Fluid Flow 1. Rotational Flow. It is the type of flow in which fluid particles also rotate on their own axis while flowing along the flow lines.
Types of Fluid Flow. Fluid flow has all kinds of aspects — steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational, to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect the properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.
- Fluid Flow is a part of fluid mechanics and deals with fluid dynamics. It involves the motion of a fluid subjected to unbalanced forces. This motio...
- A fluid is said to be ideal when it cannot be compressed and the viscosity doesn’t fall in the category of an ideal fluid. It is an imaginary fluid...
- When the fluid obeys Newton’s law of viscosity, it is known as a Newtonian fluid, on the other hand, when the fluid doesn’t obey Newton’s law of vi...
- When the shear stress is proportional to the velocity gradient and shear stress is more than the yield value, it is known as ideal plastic fluid.
- The fluid exerts pressure in all directions because the particles in the fluid can move in all directions. The movement of these molecules results...
- The different types of fluid are: Ideaf fluid, Real fluid, Newtonian fluid, Non-Newtonian fluid, Incompressible fluid, and Compressible fluid.
- When the density of the fluid doesn’t change with the application of external force, it is known as an incompressible fluid.
- The formula for mass flow rate is given by: Mass flow rate = ρAV
Key Terms. Key Equations. Summary. 14.1 Fluids, Density, and Pressure. A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Liquids and gases are both fluids. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object, defined as ρ = m V ρ = m V.
Based on the shear stress & velocity gradient relationship, liquids can be broadly classified into the following five types: #1. Ideal Fluid. An ideal fluid is a fluid that is incompressible in nature and has no viscosity. In practice, no liquid is an ideal liquid because all liquids have some viscosity. Hence it is also called imaginary fluid.
Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids at rest and at motion and can be divided into two main categories, which are static fluid mechanics and dynamic fluid mechanics. In static fluid mechanics, the fluid is either at rest or is undergoing rigid-body motion.
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