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Learn how to acknowledge the contributions of others in your scholarly writing with APA Style in-text citations. Find out the formats, levels, and rules for different types of sources, such as interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications.
- Basic Principles
APA Style uses the author–date citation system, in which a...
- Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations
In-text citations have two formats: parenthetical and...
- Appropriate Level of Citation
Provide appropriate credit to the source (e.g., by using an...
- Paraphrasing
Home Style and Grammar Guidelines In-Text Citations....
- Classroom Or Intranet Sources
In most cases, nonrecoverable sources such as personal...
- Plagiarism
Whether deliberate or unintentional, plagiarism violates...
- Secondary Sources
If the year of publication of the primary source is known,...
- Quotations From Research Participants
State in the text that the quotations are from participants,...
- Basic Principles
- Parenthetical vs. Narrative Citations
- Apa In-Text Citations with Multiple Authors
- No Author, Date Or Page Number
- Multiple Sources in One Parenthesis
- Avoiding Ambiguity in Apa In-Text Citations
- Citing Indirect Sources
- Citing Personal Communication
- General Mentions of Websites and Software
The in-text citation can be placed in parenthesesor naturally integrated into a sentence. 1. Parenthetical: There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019). 2. Narrative: Parker (2019)found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers. The publication year appears dire...
If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and ar...
No author
If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or governmentresponsible for creating the content. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry). Alternatively, use the source title in place of the author. Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases, which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks. Apply title case capi...
No publication date
If the publication date is unknown, write “n.d.” (no date) in the in-text citation.
No page number
Page numbers are only required with direct quotes in APA. If you are quoting from a work that does not have page numbers (e.g., webpages or YouTube videos), you can use an alternative locator, such as: Note that Bible citationsalways use chapter and verse numbers, even when page numbers are available:
If a statement is supported by multiple sources, the in-text citations can be combined in one parenthesis. Order the sources alphabetically, and separate them with a semicolon. When citing multiple works from the same author, list the years of publication separated by a comma.
When in-text citations are ambiguous because they correspond to multiple reference entries, apply the solutions outlined in the table below.
If you want to refer to a source that you have found in another source, you should always try to access the original or primary source. However, if you cannot find the original source, you should cite it through the secondary sourcethat led you to it, using the phrase “as cited in”. If the publication date of the primary source is unknown, include ...
Personal communications, such as phone calls, emails, and interviews, are not included in the reference list because readers can’t access them. The in-text citation is also formatted slightly differently. Include the initials and last name of the person you communicated with, the words “personal communication,” and the exact date in parentheses.
General mentions of a website or software don’t have to be cited with an in-text citation or entry in the reference list. Instead, incorporate relevant information into the running text.
Oct 11, 2024 · Parenthetical citations: If an in-text citation has the authors' names in brackets use "&" between the authors' names : (Jones & Smith, 2020, p. 29). Note: Some lecturers want page numbers for all citations, while some only want page numbers with direct quotes. Check with your lecturer to see what you need to do for your assignment.
- Sharon Bryan
- 2019
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
The in-text citation APA style provides us with a tidbit of information. Just enough to glance at it and keep on going with reading the paper. To recap, in-text citations are great because: They credit the original author of a work or information. They let readers quickly see where the information is coming from.
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Jan 18, 2021 · APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioural sciences. The Scribbr APA Reference Generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations for free. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
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Jul 19, 2023 · Using In-text Citation. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
