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Prakrit (/ ˈprɑːkrɪt / [a]) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. [2][3] The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding earlier inscriptions and Pali. [4]
Prakrit languages, Middle Indo-Aryan languages known from inscriptions, literary works, and grammarians’ descriptions. Prakrit languages are related to Sanskrit but differ from and are contrasted with it in several ways.
- George Cardona
Oct 4, 2024 · Prakrits: language of the people. The term ‘Prakrit’ comes from ‘prakriti’ meaning ‘source’ or ‘origin’. Most scholars agree that this is to do with the Prakrits originating from Sanskrit, the language of the Vedas and later Hindu literature. There is no one Prakrit language.
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Currently there is no independent degree in Prakrit, but it is offered as a subsidiary language for the BA in Sanskrit. Students will study Prakrit language and literature, as well as the doctrine and early history of Jainism.
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Ollett, Andrew. Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. ISBN: 9780520296220. [Available as a physical bo...Nitti-Dolci, Luigia. The Prākrita Grammarians. Delhi: MotilalBanarsidass, 1972. [Translated by Prabhākara Jha; the book was originally published in 1938.]Dundas, Paul. The Sattasaī and its Commentators. Turin: Pubblicazioni di «Indologica Taurinensia», 1985. [Available on Canvas.].Selby, Martha Ann. Grow Long, Blessed Night: Love Poems from Classical India.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Pischel, Richard. A Grammar of the Prākrit Languages. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981. [Available from Internet Archive; I have also put a copy up on Canvas, as well as the comprehensive class="te...van den Bossche, Frank. A Reference Manual of Middle Prākrit Grammar: The Prākrits of the Dramas and the Jain Texts. Gent: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuid- en Oost-Azië, 1999. [Available on Can...von Hinüber, Oskar. Das ältere Mittelindisch im Überblick. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001. Second revised edition. [Available on Canvas.]Sircar, D. C. Grammar of the Prakrit Language, based Mainly on Vararuchi, Hemachandra and Purushottama. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970 [second revised edition; first edition 1943]. [Available on...Sheth, Hargovind Das T. Pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavō (Prākr̥ta-śabda-mahārṇavaḥ). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986. [A reprint of the second edition, published by the Prakrit Text Society in 1963. Availabl...
Jacobi, Hermann. Ausgewählte Erzählungen in Mâhârâshṭrî. Leipzig: Birzel, 1886. [Both a useful textbook, with selections from narrative literature accompanied by a glossary and a grammatical sketch...Woolner, Alfred. Introduction to Prakrit. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917. [Available at Internet Archive.]Kulkarni, V. M. Prakrit Verses Cited in Sanskrit Works of Poetics. 2 vols. Delhi: Bhogilal Leherchand Institute of Indology, 1988. [A truly important, but nevertheless difficult-to-use, resource, w...
Oct 6, 2024 · The traditional view is that most non-Dravidian languages spawned from small set of nonstandard ancestors collectively called Prakrit. These Prakrit tongues are typically contrasted with Sanskrit in prestige, status, and semantic standard.
Before the modern derivatives of Sanskrit existed, a group of languages known as the Prakrits or Middle Indo-Aryan languages evolved from India’s classical language. These were the vernacular dialects of ancient times, and several of them became important literary vehicles in their own right.
