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The Valles Caldera (or Jemez Caldera) is a 13.7-mile (22.0 km) wide volcanic caldera in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. [1] Hot springs , streams, fumaroles , natural gas seeps, and volcanic domes dot the caldera landscape. [ 4 ]
- Summary
- Geologic Overview
- What Is A Caldera?
- How Old Is The Valles Caldera?
- What Is An ash-flow Or A Pyroclastic-Flow?
- How High Were The Jemez Prior to The Eruption?
- Is This A “Supervolcano”?
- Why Is The Valles Caldera Located Here?
- Will The Valles Caldera Erupt Again?
- General Summary: The Jemez Mountains and The Valles Caldera
When you drive or hike through the Jemez Mountains, you are looking at a landscape created by young volcanic eruptions. The Jemez Mountains are volcanic mountains; eruptions have continued intermittently from 14 million years ago to as recently as 40,000 years ago. The Valles Caldera is a supervolcano eruption, like Yellowstone, and one of the larg...
Volcanic Field Volcanic fields differ from the more popular conception of volcanoes, like Hawaii or the large volcanoes of the Cascades. Instead of one big volcano, volcanic fields consist of clusters of many small volcanoes. Overall, they are all characterized by many small centers of eruption (one to a few kilometers across) of fundamentally basa...
A caldera forms when the ground collapses into the magma chamber as the magma is erupted in a series of explosive eruptions. Yellowstone and the Valles Caldera are similar and two of the best examples of young calderas in the world.
The caldera formed by collapse in a series of eruptions from about 1.4 to 1.1 million years ago. But the geologic evolution of the caldera has continued to today. What type of volcanic rock has been erupted in the Jemez Mountains? Early eruptions consisted of basalt lava flows, ash, pumice and ash-flows. As the Valles Caldera formed, air-fall ash a...
Hot, rolling clouds of incandescent ash and rock fragments that flow along the ground. The word pyroclastic comes from the Greek for “fire-rock”. Pyroclastic flows move very rapidly and are so hot that they weld into solid rock as they slow.
Probably not much higher than they are today. This is not the type of eruption where a summit peak is blown off.
Yes. The term “supervolcano” has recently been used to describe a caldera eruption, but it is a little misleading; calderas occur when multiple volcanoes interact and erupt in a series of eruptions, not from a single volcano or in a single very large eruption. It should be noted that volcanologists currently use the term "super eruption" to describ...
The Jemez Mountains are located along the western margin faults of the Rio Grande rift and are associated with the volcanic activity of this youthful and still active continental rift. The entire mountain range was built by a long record of many volcanic eruptions. The Valles Caldera was formed when multiple and long-lasting magma bodies merged int...
This type of volcanism has a slow tempo. Even though the caldera appears inactive because it is grown over with trees, it probably looked like that for most of its history. The presence of hot springs shows that the caldera is part of a large, long-lived, and still active system.
-rifting in Jemez Mountains region began 16.5 Ma - 13 to 10 Ma eruptions of basalt and rhyolite along Canada de Cochiti fault zone - interbedded with basin-fill conglomerate and laharic breccias of Cochiti Formation - between 10 and 7 Ma basalt and rhyolite erupted 1/2 the volume of the volcanic field - 7 to 6 Ma eruptions of mixed magmas and sharp...
May 29, 2023 · Landsat-7 satellite image of Jemez Mountains and Valles Caldera, New Mexico. The Valles and Toledo Caldera margins are approximated by dashed yellow lines, and the resurgent dome and lava domes are labeled. The Banco Bonito lava flow is the youngest in the region at 68,000 years old. The town of Los Alamos is located just east of the caldera.
It is the oldest of three young caldera-type volcanoes in the United States; the other two are Yellowstone in Wyoming and Long Valley in California. The Valles caldera -forming eruption occurred approximately 1.25 million years ago when huge volumes of Bandelier tuff were explosively evacuated from a underground magma storage region.
Apr 6, 2021 · The Valles Caldera is still active and if it erupts, it can greatly affect the lives of the people who live in the surrounding areas. Wildfires have been increasing overtime due to the changing climate. The Valles has many harmful things stored inside of it, like magma, and gases.
Oct 20, 2023 · Valles Caldera National Preserve is located in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. This 88,900-acre park encompasses almost all of the volcanic caldera created by a spectacular volcanic eruption about 1.2 million years ago. The caldera is dormant, but not extinct, and still displays signs of volcanic life with hot springs and ...
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Mar 4, 2024 · Since the caldera-forming eruption 1.2 million years ago, these subsequent eruptions have happened every 80,000-100,000 years. Today, Valles Caldera is dormant, but not extinct, and still displays signs of volcanic life with hot springs and boiling sulphuric acid fumaroles. If the volcano reawakened, there would be clues.
