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- Form and emptiness are not two independent realities – they are one unified reality; emptiness is not “better” than form.
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Is emptiness other than form?
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What does shunyata say about emptiness?
Emptiness is Form", and declares the other skandhas to be equally empty—that is, dependently originated. Avalokiteśvara then goes through some of the most fundamental Buddhist teachings, such as the Four Noble Truths, and explains that in emptiness, none of these notions apply.
Therefore, Shariputra, in emptiness, form does not exist, nor feeling, nor determinative perception, nor volition, nor consciousness. There is no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind. No form, sound, smell, taste, touchable, or mental object.
Because one cannot experience emptiness without phenomena, emptiness is form. Emptiness and form cannot be separated from each other. If the bulb and the electricity are separated, the bulb cannot show its functionality, and the electricity has no means to express its energy.
“Form is not other than emptiness, emptiness is not other than form. The same is true with feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness,” because these contain each other. Because one exists, everything exists.
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- English Translation from Dharmachakra Translation Committee
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The sutra is known by the following titles in the canonical languages: 1. Sanskrit: Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya 2. Chinese: Bore boluomiduo xin jing, 般若波羅蜜多心經 3. Tibetan: Shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i snying po, ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ The full titleis translated into English as: 1. The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra (Buswell)...
There are two versions of the Heart Sutra text: a long version and a short version. Both versions are less than one page in length. The difference between the versions is that the long version includes brief introductory and concluding sections. According to the Princeton Dictionary, “the longer version is better known in India and the short versio...
Translations from the Chinese language
1. "The Shorter Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra". Lapis Lazuli Texts. From the Chinese translation by Xuanzang(T08n251). 2. "The Longer Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra". Lapis Lazuli Texts. From the Chinese translation by Prajñā(T08n253). 3. "The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra". Dharma Realm Buddhist Association.From the Chinese translation by Tang master Hsüan-Tsang
Translations from the Tibetan language
1. The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom, the Blessed Mother 2. Heart Sutra, Lotsawa House 3. Heart_Sutra, Rangjung Yeshe Wiki 4. "The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom". LamRim.com.
The following English translation of the long version of the Heart Sutra is from an edition of the Tibetan Canon. Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committeeunder the patronage and supervision of "84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha." Source text: The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom, the Blessed Mother
The main part of the (longer version of the) sutra begins when the Buddha, with his students gathered around him, enters into a state of deep meditation. At this time, his disciple Avalokiteshvara experiences a profound insight into the emptynature of all phenomena. Then Shariputra, another close disciple of the Buddha, asks Avalokiteshvara: "How s...
The Heart Sūtra mantra is: 1. Sanskrit: gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā 2. Chinese: 揭諦揭諦 波羅揭諦 波羅僧揭諦 菩提娑婆訶 3. Tibetan: ག༌ཏེ༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌སཾ༌ག༌ཏེ༌བོ༌དྷི༌སྭཱ༌ཧཱ། The mantra has been translated into English as: 1. “Go, go, go beyond, go totally beyond, be rooted in the ground of enlightenment.”
Contemporary scholar Richard K. Payne states: 1. Abhidharma thought constitutes the conceptual backbone of the entirety of the Buddhist tradition. An example that is probably familiar to many religious studies scholars is the Heart Sutra. In addition to finding its way into many religious studies textbooks, this is widely known and recited in many ...
Earliest extant versions
The earliest extant dated text of the Heart Sutra is a stone stele dated to 661 CE located at Yunju Temple and is part of the Fangshan Stone Sutra. It is also the earliest copy of Xuanzang's 649 CE translation of the Heart Sutra (Taisho 221); made three years before Xuanzang passed away.:12,17[note 1] A palm-leaf manuscript found at the Hōryū-jiTemple is the earliest undated extant Sanskrit manuscript of the Heart Sutra. It is dated to c. 7th–8th century CE by the Tokyo National Museum where...
Origin of the Heart Sutra
According to traditional accounts, the Heart Sūtra was composed by a Sarvastivadanmonk in the 1st century CE in Kushan Empire territory, and it was first translated into Chinese in approximately 200-250CE. However, there is currently a lack of scholarly consensus on the original author and origin of the Heart Sutra. Contemporary scholar Jan Nattier (1992) theorizes (based on her study of Chinese and Sanskrit texts) that the Heart Sutra may have initially been composed in China. Other scholars...
Theory of Sarvistavadan origin
The specific sequence of concepts listed in lines 12-20 ("...in emptiness there is no form, no sensation, ... no attainment and no non-attainment") is the same sequence used in the Sarvastivadin Samyukta Agama; this sequence differs in the texts of other sects. On this basis, Red Pine has argued that the Heart Sūtra is specifically a response to Sarvastivada teachings that dharmasare real. Also, Avalokiteśvara addresses Śariputra, who was, according to the scriptures and texts of the Sarvasti...
Sanskrit text of the Heart Sūtra, in the Siddhaṃ script. Replica of a palm-leaf manuscript dated to 609 CE.Chinese text of the Heart Sūtra, by scholar and calligrapher Ouyang Xun, dated 635 CE.Chinese text of the Heart Sūtra, by Yuan Dynasty artist and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu(1254–1322 CE).Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2014), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton UniversityFukui Fumimasa 福井 文雅 (1987) (in Japanese). Hannya shingyo no rekishiteki kenkyu 般若心経の歴史的研究. 東京: Shunjusha 春秋社. ISBN 4-393-11128-1Harada, Waso (原田 和宗) (2002). 梵文『小本・般若心経』和訳 [An Annotated Translation of The Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya] (in 日本語). Association of Esoteric Buddhist Studies. pp. L17–L62.Harada, Waso (原田 和宗) (2010). 「般若心経」の成立史論」 [History of the Establishment of Prajñāpāramitāhṛdayasūtram] (in 日本語). Tokyo: Daizō-shuppan 大蔵出版. ISBN 9784804305776.The Heart Sutra. as recited in the Triratna Buddhist Community. The Bodhisattva of Compassion, When he meditated deeply, Saw the emptiness of all five skandhas And sundered the bonds that caused him suffering. Here then, Form is no other than emptiness, Emptiness no other than form. Form is only emptiness, Emptiness only form.
Emptiness is no other than form; form is no other than emptiness. In the same way, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness are emptiness. Thus, Shariputra, all dharmas are emptiness.
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