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Jan 28, 2019 · Here, we summarise the evidence for the links between environmental risks and NCDs, review existing solutions and interventions, and outline opportunities for reducing environmental risks as part of an intersectoral NCD agenda. In 2016 air pollution was the second largest risk factor causing NCDs globally, just after tobacco smoking (fig 1).
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Nov 9, 2018 · Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe. Key Words: air pollution, mechanism of damage, noncommunicable diseases.
- Dean E. Schraufnagel, John R. Balmes, Clayton T. Cowl, Sara De Matteis, Soon Hee Jung, Kevin Mortime...
- 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
- 2019
- Chest. 2019 Feb; 155(2): 409-416.
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Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide per year in 2019; this mortality is due to exposure to fine particulate matter, which causes cardio...
Addressing air pollution, which is the second highest risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, is key to protecting public health. Most sources of outdoor air pollution are well beyond the control of individuals and this demands concerted action by local, national and regional level policy-makers working in sectors like energy, transport, waste ma...
Particulate matter (PM) PM is a common proxy indicator for air pollution. There is strong evidence for the negative health impacts associated with exposure to this pollutant. The major components of PM are sulfates, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourl...
The WHO Global air quality guidelines(AQG)offer global guidance on thresholds and limits for key air pollutants that pose health risks. These guidelines are of a high methodological quality and are developed through a transparent, evidence-based decision-making process. In addition to the guideline values, the WHO Global air quality guidelines prov...
Recognizing the gravity and urgency of the problem, all WHO Member States approved resolution A68.8, “Health and the Environment: addressing the health impact of air pollution,” at the World Health Assembly in 2015, complemented by a road map for action the following year. WHO, as the coordinating authority on international health, supports countri...
Sep 16, 2023 · Environmental risk factors. Several environmental risk factors contribute to NCDs. Air pollution is the largest of these, accounting for 6.7 million deaths globally, of which about 5.7 million are due to NCDs, including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
Feb 1, 2019 · Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report.
- Dean E. Schraufnagel, John R. Balmes, Clayton T. Cowl, Sara De Matteis, Soon Hee Jung, Kevin Mortime...
- 2019
May 20, 2021 · Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor and contributor to chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, most public health approaches to NCD prevention focus on behavioural and biomedical risk factors, rather than environmental risk factors such as air pollution.
Jan 28, 2019 · Contribution of environmental risks to non-communicable diseases. In 2016 air pollution was the second largest risk factor causing NCDs globally, just after tobacco smoking (fig 1). In many countries—for example, in southeast Asia—air pollution is by far the largest cause of NCDs.
