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Straddling the banks of the river Isar north of the Alps, Munich is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria, while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany with 4,500 people per km 2. Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area, after the Austrian capital of Vienna.
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- The contemporary city
Munich is located in southern Germany and serves as the capital city of Bavaria state. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of the edge of the Alps and along the Isar River, which flows through the middle of the city.
What is Munich called in Germany?
Munich is called München in Germany, which means "Home of the Monks" and refers to its origins at the Benedictine monastery at Tegernsee, which was probably founded in 750 CE.
What are the major museums and art galleries of Munich?
Munich has long been a centre for the arts and has outstanding museums and art galleries. The Glyptothek, the Alte Pinakothek, and the Neue (New) Pinakothek are some examples. The former arsenal of the town at Jakobsplatz is now the municipal museum. In addition to these are the Residence Museum and the Deutsches Museum.
What famous festival is celebrated in Munich?
Munich, or München (“Home of the Monks”), traces its origins to the Benedictine monastery at Tegernsee, which was probably founded in 750 ce. In 1157 Henry the Lion, duke of Bavaria, granted the monks the right to establish a market where the road from Salzburg met the Isar River. A bridge was built across the Isar the following year, and the marketplace was fortified.
In 1255 Munich became the home of the Wittelsbach family, which had succeeded to the duchy of Bavaria in 1180. For more than 700 years the Wittelsbachs would be closely connected with the town’s destiny. In the early 14th century the first of the Wittelsbach line of Holy Roman emperors, Louis IV (Louis the Bavarian), expanded the town to the size at which it remained up to the end of the 18th century. Under the Bavarian elector Maximilian I (1597–1651), a powerful and effective ruler, Munich increased in wealth and size and prospered until the Thirty Years’ War. It was occupied by the Swedes under Gustav II Adolf (Gustavus Adolphus) in 1632, and in 1634 a plague epidemic resulted in the death of about one-third of its population.
The third Wittelsbach who left his mark on the community was Louis I, king of Bavaria from 1825 to 1848. Louis planned and created modern Munich, and his architects established the city’s characteristic appearance in the public buildings they designed. The 19th century was Munich’s greatest period of growth and development. Protestants became citizens for the first time in what had been until then a purely Roman Catholic town. The city’s population of 100,000 in 1854 grew to 500,000 by 1900. Munich’s cultural importance in Europe was enhanced when Louis II, by his championing of the composer Richard Wagner, revived its fame as a city of music and the stage.
The rule of the Wittelsbach dynasty finally ended with the self-imposed exile of Louis III in November 1918, and, in the aftermath of World War I, Munich became a hotbed of right-wing political ferment. It was in Munich that Adolf Hitler joined the Nazi Party and became its leader. The beer cellar where he held meetings that led to the Beer Hall Putsch (“rising”) against the Bavarian authorities in November 1923 can still be seen. In World War II Munich suffered heavily from Allied bombing raids, which destroyed more than 40 percent of its buildings.
In the past Munich suffered economically because of its distance from seaports and from the coal mines of the Ruhr region. But this situation improved when fuels other than coal came into general use. Munich shifted from heavy to light industry, to the manufacture, for example, of precision instruments, optical and electrical appliances, and aerospace and other high-technology products, as well as to the production of food, cosmetics, and clothing. The city has several of the largest breweries in Germany and is famous for its beer and its annual Oktoberfest celebration. Munich is a major tourist destination and a convention centre. Book publishing and printing and television production are also important. The city is a centre of the banking and financial industry, and it has one of the largest wholesale markets in Europe for fruit, vegetables, and animal produce.
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Munich is connected by rail to all the main cities of Germany and Austria, and it is a major hub for the German and European high-speed passenger rail system. Autobahnen (expressways) from Stuttgart, Nürnberg, and Salzburg converge on the city. Franz Josef Strauss Airport, located 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Munich, opened in 1992. A modern subway has been built in the city.
The old town, clustered around the ancient crossroads of the marketplace in the Marienplatz, has increasingly become a business centre and has lost much of its ancient character. Among the old buildings that still stand are three of the seven town gates—Karls, Sendlinger, and Isar, all dating from the 14th century. Other medieval buildings include Munich’s cathedral, the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady; built 1468–88), whose massive cupola-capped towers are conspicuous landmarks; and the Old Town Hall (1470–80) in the Marienplatz. Nearby is Peterskirche (1169), Munich’s oldest church, which was completely destroyed in World War II but subsequently rebuilt in its original form. The former arsenal of the town at Jakobsplatz is now the municipal museum.
The oldest of the Wittelsbach residences, the Old Court, has retained its medieval appearance. The present Residence dates from the 16th century, but the style of every period up to the 19th century was tried out on it with superb effect; the building was destroyed in World War II but has been reconstructed. Another survival from this early period is Michaelskirche (1583–97), which is considered to be the most important Renaissance church in Germany and one of the most beautiful in central Europe.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jun 25, 2024 · München is the capital and largest city of the state of Bavaria in Germany. Located in southern Germany, München is not only a vibrant city but also an economic and cultural hub of the region. It is home to the famous Oktoberfest.
Explore Munich. Of course, beer lovers know Munich as the epicentre of Oktoberfest, a celebration of beer and Bavarian culture. Hofbrauhaus, Munich's most iconic beer hall, has been serving up brews since 1589, and the city's Bavarian tavern scene is unrivalled. But if you're looking to go deeper on Munich, there's so much to see, do, and eat.
Bavarian capital. From 1506, when Munich was named capital of Bavaria, the city became a centre for the German counter reformation and for renaissance arts, and thrived until the Thirty Years' War, when it was occupied by Sweden in 1642 and subsequently suffered a plague epidemic which wiped out a third of its population.
The capital of Bavaria combines urban flair with a regional and international approach. We present some of Munich’s must-see attractions and iconic sights. A story by Thomas Linkel (text and photos)
Bavaria's Capital City: Much More than Oktoberfest! Munich (München in German) is the capital city of the German state of Bavaria. It lies only about 30 miles north of the Bavarian Alps and is home to about 1.5 million residents (2018).
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