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      • Repressing a betrayal may be a protective factor in some circumstances, but it can also put your mental health at risk. “It’s hard to pretend everything is okay, especially for adults,” Freyd says. “So those negative emotions start leaking out and may show up as increased anxiety, depression, or PTSD.”
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  2. Jan 14, 2020 · Betrayal by a close friend can be deeply hurtful. The “four horsemen of the human moral experience” model provides an evolution-based theory for why this is the case.

    • Origin of The Betrayal Trauma Theory
    • Impact and Symptoms of Betrayal Trauma
    • Coping with Betrayal Trauma

    The betrayal trauma theory was proposed in 1991 by Jennifer Freyd, PhD, an American psychology researcher, author, and educator. According to the theory, someone may experience betrayal trauma when: 1. They are terrified, sometimes for their physical safety or their life. 2. They are betrayed by someone who they depend on for survival, such as a pa...

    Below, Dr. Romanoff explains the impact of betrayal trauma and the symptoms a person may experience as a result.

    If you have experienced betrayal trauma, Dr. Romanoff suggests some steps that can help you cope: 1. Acknowledge the betrayal: The first step is acknowledging how you were betrayed and hurt. Be honest with yourself and consider the impact of the betrayal on the relationship and your life. 2. Write your feelings in a journal: You may find relief thr...

  3. Jul 7, 2015 · Betrayal by people you care about hurts because it destroys your self-esteem. If you’re to get over this pain, which the study authors admit may be difficult, it may be a require...

  4. Jul 6, 2023 · Takeaway. If a parent or romantic partner violates your trust, you may experience betrayal trauma. This trauma may affect your self-esteem, emotional health, and relationships with others,...

    • Crystal Raypole
  5. May 16, 2024 · First defined by Jennifer Freyd, PhD, in 1991, betrayal trauma occurs when someone’s trust or well-being is violated by an institution or person they depend on for physical, emotional, or financial security. 1. Symptoms of betrayal trauma.

  6. Aug 3, 2023 · Betrayal trauma develops when a trusted person or institution threatens a person's well-being. Learn more betrayal trauma theory here.

  7. May 24, 2021 · Betrayal trauma is caused by a breach of trust by someone you have an intimate relationship with, whether a parent, partner, or institution. From infidelity to institutional harm, breaches of trust can have long-term mental health consequences.

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