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Learn about Iraq, a West Asian country with a rich and diverse heritage, from ancient civilizations to modern conflicts. Find out about its geography, people, languages, government, economy, and more.
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Iraq, country of southwestern Asia.
During ancient times, lands that now constitute Iraq were known as Mesopotamia (“Land Between the Rivers”), a region whose extensive alluvial plains gave rise to some of the world’s earliest civilizations, including those of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. This wealthy region, comprising much of what is called the Fertile Crescent, later became a valuable part of larger imperial polities, including sundry Persian, Greek, and Roman dynasties, and after the 7th century it became a central and integral part of the Islamic world. Iraq’s capital, Baghdad, became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 8th century. The modern nation-state of Iraq was created following World War I (1914–18) from the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul and derives its name from the Arabic term used in the premodern period to describe a region that roughly corresponded to Mesopotamia (ʿIrāq ʿArabī, “Arabian Iraq”) and modern northwestern Iran (ʿIrāq ʿAjamī, “foreign [i.e., Persian] Iraq”).
Iraq is one of the easternmost countries of the Arab world, located at about the same latitude as the southern United States. It is bordered to the north by Turkey, to the east by Iran, to the west by Syria and Jordan, and to the south by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Iraq has 36 miles (58 km) of coastline along the northern end of the Persian Gulf, giving it a tiny sliver of territorial sea. Followed by Jordan, it is thus the Middle Eastern state with the least access to the sea and offshore sovereignty.
Britannica Quiz
Iraq’s topography can be divided into four physiographic regions: the alluvial plains of the central and southeastern parts of the country; Al-Jazīrah (Arabic: “the Island”), an upland region in the north between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; deserts in the west and south; and the highlands in the northeast. Each of these regions extends into ne...
Iraq is more stable so far this year than it has been for a long while. Baghdad, Mosul and other cities are much safer. But Iraqis feel the results of the invasion every day.
Oct 4, 2024 · Stay on top of Iraq latest developments on the ground with Al Jazeera’s fact-based news, exclusive video footage, photos and updated maps.
On 20 March 2003, US and allied forces invaded Iraq and toppled Saddam Hussein's regime. The US said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and was a threat to international peace, but most ...
Jul 10, 2024 · US personnel injured in attack on airbase in Iraq. The attack comes as the US warns the Middle East is at a critical moment after the killings of Hamas and Hezbollah senior leaders. 6 Aug ...
Sep 13, 2023 · Learn about Iraq's history, politics, economy, media and culture from this comprehensive overview by BBC News. Find out the latest facts, figures and events of the Middle Eastern nation.
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