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- The physiology of submersion includes fear of drowning, diving response, autonomic conflict, upper airway reflexes, water aspiration and swallowing, emesis, and electrolyte disorders. Submersion outcome is determined by cardiac, pulmonary, and neurological injury.
journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/physiol.00002.2015
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Drowning physiology relates to two different events: immersion (upper airway above water) and submersion (upper airway under water). Immersion involves integrated cardiorespiratory responses to skin and deep body temperature, including cold shock, physical incapacitation, and hypovolemia, as precurs ….
- Drowning - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for ...
Drowning is defined as a process of experiencing respiratory...
- Drowning - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for ...
Aug 8, 2023 · Drowning is defined as a process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in a liquid medium. To delineate the incident's outcome, this is further divided into descriptive terms such as death, morbidity, and no morbidity.
- Janelle D. McCall, Britni T. Sternard
- 2023/08/08
Feb 17, 2016 · Drowning physiology relates to two different events: immersion (upper airway above water) and submersion (upper airway under water). Immersion involves integrated cardiorespiratory responses to skin and deep body temperature, including cold shock, physical incapacitation, and hypovolemia, as precursors of collapse and submersion.
- Joost J. L. M. Bierens, Philippe Lunetta, Mike Tipton, David S. Warner
- 2016
- Cold-Water Immersion
- Research That May Help to Prevent Drowning
- Research That May Help to Improve Treatment and Outcome of Drowning
- Studies That May Help the Forensic Investigations of Drowning
- Physiology Studies
- Conclusion
Most drownings occur in water colder than ther-moneutral temperature, thus initiating physiologi-cal responses associated with cooling. In cold water, the responses that act as precursors to drowning are evoked by skin cooling (cold shock), then cooling of superficial nerves and muscles in the limbs, and finally cooling of deep body tissues (hypoth...
Hot water immersion. A large case-control study in different age groups, especially the elderly with preexisting cardiac disease, would determine whether there is an actual excess mortality during hot water bathing and its accompanying risk fac-tors. Focused postmortem investigations can bet-ter define cause of death. Studies in human volunteers ar...
Deep tissue cooling. Rewarming methodologies and devices need systematic appraisal of physio-logical and clinical efficacy in profoundly hypo-thermic victims. Aspiration of water. Data from forensic and clinical studies on the frequency, severity, and clin-ical consequences of aspiration during and after drowning are conflicting and require more in...
Aspiration and swallowing of the drowning media. Quantitative postmortem studies on the penetration of water-born exogenous substances (such as planktonic elements, pollutants, electro-lytes) in the lung, circulation, and internal organs of victims of drowning can assist the postmortem diagnosis of drowning. Moreover they may provide more accurate ...
Breath-holding. The physiology of breath-hold-ing is well understood. From a drowning perspec-tive, what is less understood is what happens at the break of breath-hold in a submerged individual. How much water enters the stomach, and how much enters the lung? What volumes and condi-tions are required to produce incapacitation or laryngeal spasm? Th...
Immersion and submersion, the two entities of drowning, interact with basic physiological factors: temperature and oxygen. Little is known about these mechanisms when they occur under the ex-treme and lethal circumstances that result in drowning. Few studies reveal how these mecha-nisms interact, whether directly or indirectly, and how they are inf...
Jan 24, 2024 · Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. Outcomes are classified as death, survival with morbidity, and survival with no morbidity.
May 31, 2012 · In many areas of the world, drowning is a leading cause of death, especially among young children. This review describes the pathophysiology of drowning and summarizes the principles of...
Drowning physiology relates to two different events: immersion (upper airway above water) and submersion (upper airway under water). Immersion involves integrated cardiorespiratory responses to skin and deep body temperature, including cold shock, physical incapacitation, and hypovolemia, as precursors of collapse and submersion.
