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Oct 9, 2024 · Accessed 15 October 2024. Translation, the synthesis of protein from RNA. Translation takes place on ribosomes, where messenger RNA molecules are read and translated into amino acid chains. These chains are then folded in various ways to form proteins. Translation follows transcription, in which DNA is decoded into RNA.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Initiation: The Beginning
- Elongation: The Extension
- Termination: The End
In this step, the charged Met-tRNA binds to the smaller subunit of the ribosome. The tRNA then starts reading the mRNA from the 5’-3’ direction until it reaches the start codon, AUG. As soon as the tRNA finds a start codon, it binds to the P-site of the larger ribosomal subunit, forming the complete ribosome. This binding of Met-tRNA with the start...
Immediately after the met-tRNA attaches to the P-site of the ribosome, another tRNA carrying the amino acid that matches the next mRNA codon comes and sits at the A-site of the ribosome. Then, the existing amino acid binds to the amino acid of the tRNA by a peptide bond. The methionine forms the N-terminus of the polypeptide, and the other amino ac...
It is the final translation step, where the polypeptide chain is released from the ribosomal complex. It occurs when either of the three stop codons UAG, UAA, or UGA in the mRNA triggers a series of events. Stop codons are recognized by proteins called release factors, which sit perfectly into the P site. It affects the enzyme activity by adding a ...
Within all cells, the translation machinery resides within a specialized organelle called the ribosome.In eukaryotes, mature mRNA molecules must leave the nucleus and travel to the cytoplasm ...
A. Overview of Translation (Synthesizing Proteins) Like any polymerization in a cell, translation occurs in three steps: initiation brings a ribosome, mRNA and an initiator tRNA together to form an initiation complex. Elongation is the successive addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide. Termination is signaled by sequences (one of the ...
Translation (biology) In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.
15.7: The Process of Translation. The synthesis of proteins is one of a cell’s most energy-consuming metabolic processes. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of water), and proteins perform a wide variety of the functions of a cell.
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Jul 31, 2022 · Outline the basic steps of translation. As with mRNA synthesis, protein synthesis can be divided into three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. The process of translation is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we’ll explore how translation occurs in E. coli, a representative prokaryote, and specify any differences between ...
