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- The colonial and nineteenth-century experience of Panama affected its history as a nation after 1903. There was an enduring tension between two elites, one rural and descended from the early settlers, often called interiorano; and another cosmopolitan, racially and culturally mixed, and based in Panama City and the northern transit port of Colón.
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Panama was part of the Spanish Empire for over 300 years (1513–1821) and its fate changed with its geopolitical importance to the Spanish crown. In the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of the Empire, no other region would prove of more strategic and economic importance.
1821: Panama gains independence from Spain; joins confederacy of Gran Colombia with Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia. 1830: Gran Colombia separates from confederacy; Panama becomes part of Colombia. 1846: Panama signs treaty with U.S. to build railway across isthmus.
Unlike the historiography of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Panama in which issues such as the emergence of a viable Panamanian nationality or the controversy over North American imperialism loom large, the study of colonial Panama has given rise to few scholarly disagreements.
- Christopher Ward
- 1989
Although the league or confederation envisioned by Bolívar was to foster the blessings of liberty and justice, a primary purpose was to secure the independence of the former colonies from renewed attacks by Spain and its allies. In this endeavor Bolívar sought Britain's protection.
Jun 8, 2020 · On November 3, 1903, Panama declared its independence from Colombia, the successor state to New Granada under which the province had been subordinated since 1821. Panama received considerable and controversial US help for this secession.
5 days ago · The first decades of the second half of the 19th century represented the beginnings of a fundamental shift in the still-young nations of Latin America. At the heart of this transition was a growing orientation of the economies of the region to world markets.
